巢湖流域磷肥减量施用对稻麦轮作体系作物产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Reduced Phosphorus Application on Crop Yield and Grain Nutritional Quality in the Rice-Wheat Rotation System in Chaohu Lake Basin

作　　者：张鑫尧 张敏 朱远芃 惠晓丽[2] 柴如山 郜红建 罗来超 ZHANG XinYao;ZHANG Min;ZHU YuanPeng;HUI XiaoLi;CHAI RuShan;GAO HongJian;LUO LaiChao(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/Research Center of Phosphorous Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Hefei 230036;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/长江经济带磷资源高效利用与水环境保护研究中心,合肥230036 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第19期3791-3806,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012,18030701188);中国工程科技发展战略安徽研究院2020年咨询研究项目(2020-05);安徽农业大学科研启动项目(RC521903)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量施用对作物籽粒产量与营养品质的影响,为巢湖流域稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量增效,作物优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2017—2019年在巢湖流域进行磷肥减量施用田间试验,设置5个处理:对照(CK,不施磷)、农户模式(P1,磷用量90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷10%(P2,磷用量81 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷20%(P3,磷用量72 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))、减磷30%(P4,磷用量63 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2))。分析磷肥减量施用对水稻和小麦产量及其构成要素,籽粒蛋白质及组分含量,微量元素及其生物有效性的影响。【结果】与不施磷相比,施磷水稻和小麦的籽粒产量分别显著提高了9.8%—28.3%和56.6%—89.7%。减磷10%和20%处理的水稻和小麦籽粒产量与农户模式无显著差异(P>0.05),但减磷30%处理的水稻产量显著降低14.4%。与农户模式相比,减磷处理显著影响作物蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量,对结构蛋白(清蛋白+球蛋白)无显著影响,减磷20%处理水稻籽粒蛋白质和谷蛋白含量降低2.7%和32.3%,减磷30%处理的水稻和小麦籽粒蛋白质和谷蛋白含量分别降低6.8%和21.9%、48.4%和31.6%。与不施磷相比,施磷同样显著影响水稻和小麦籽粒微量元素含量及其生物有效性。减磷处理较农户模式水稻和小麦籽粒Fe、Cu和Zn含量提高21.2%和19.3%、11.9%和15.8%、14.5%和19.9%;P/Fe、P/Cu和P/Zn摩尔比降低21.6%和26.3%、20.6%和27%、17.7%和21.3%。水稻和小麦籽粒Zn含量随施磷量的降低而线性增加,减磷处理间的作物籽粒Fe、Mn和Cu含量无显著差异。水稻籽粒P/Zn摩尔比随施磷量的降低而降低,减磷处理间籽粒P/Fe、P/Mn和P/Cu摩尔比无显著差异;小麦籽粒P/Fe、P/Mn、P/Cu和P/Zn摩尔比均随施磷量的降低而降低,提高了小麦籽粒Fe、Cu和Zn的生物有效性。【结论】在巢湖流域稻麦轮作区,磷肥减量20%,即磷肥用量由90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of reduced phosphorus(P)application on crop yield and nutritional quality,so as to provide a theoretical basis for increasing the P use efficiency and producing high grain quality of crops under the rice-wheat crop rotation system in the Chaohu Lake Basin.【Method】A field trial of reduced P application rates was conducted from 2017 to 2019 with five treatments in the Chaohu Lake Basin,which were contrast(CK,No phosphorus),farmers’application rate(P1,90 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)),10%P reduction(P2,81 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)),20%P reduction(P3,72 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)),and 30%P reduction(P4,63 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)).The effects of reduced P application rates on rice and wheat grain yield and its components,grain protein and fraction content,micronutrients and their bioavailability were analyzed.【Result】Compared with no P application,the P application significantly increased the grain yield of rice and wheat by 9.8%to 28.3%and 56.6%to 89.7%,respectively.The 10%and 20%P reduction treatments for rice and wheat grain yield were not significantly different from the farmers’P fertilizer application(P>0.05).However,the rice yields under the 30%P reduction treatment were significantly decreased by 14.4%.Compared with the farmers’P application rate,the P reduction treatments significantly affected the crop protein,gliadin and glutenin content,while which had no significant effect on structural protein(albumin and globulin);the P reduction of 20%reduced rice grain protein and glutenin content by 2.7%and 32.3%,respectively.Compared with farmers’P application rate,the grain protein and glutenin content of rice and wheat under the 30%phosphorus reduction treatment reduced by 6.8%and 21.9%,48.4%and 31.6%,respectively.Phosphorus application also significantly affected the micronutrients content and bioavailability in rice and wheat grains.Compared with the farmers’P application rate,P reduction treatments increased iron(Fe),copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn)concen

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 磷肥减量 蛋白质组分 微量元素含量 生物有效性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S511