不同砧木对葡萄‘87-1’氮磷钾等养分吸收利用的影响  

Differences in Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of 87-1 Grape Variety Under Different Rootstock Facilities

作　　者：马玉全 王小龙 李玉梅 王孝娣[1] 刘凤之[1] 王海波[1] MA YuQuan;WANG XiaoLong;LI YuMei;WANG XiaoDi;LIU FengZhi;WANG HaiBo(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(Germplasm Resources Utilization),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits of Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室/辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第19期3822-3830,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29);国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000204);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项院级统筹项目(Y2019XK16-02);中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在筛选不同养分的高效利用型砧木,对12种砧木嫁接‘87-1’品种的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁养分吸收和利用效率进行研究,为葡萄生产中的砧木选择和肥料利用率的提升提供理论依据。【方法】本研究于2020年1月至2021年11月连续两年对12种砧木嫁接‘87-1’品种组合的苗木在萌芽期、始花期、末花期、种子发育期、果实转色期、果实成熟采收期和落叶期7个关键生育时期进行整株取样,测定植株氮、磷、钾、钙、镁矿质元素含量,计算各组合单株元素累积量、干物质生产效率、果实生产效率和收获指数,分析各指标之间的差异,比较不同砧木对氮、磷、钾、钙、镁吸收利用的影响。【结果】本研究中不同砧穗组合氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的单株累积量存在显著差异,其中以87-1/34EM组合的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁累积量最高。以干物质生产效率、果实生产效率为指标,评价养分生物及经济利用效率,结果表明,87-1/420A组合氮和钾的干物质生产效率最高,87-1/贝达和87-1/101-14组合磷和钙的干物质生产效率较高,而镁的干物质生产效率中则以87-1/5BB组合表现较好;钾果实生产效率以‘1103P’砧木表现最好,‘101-14’砧木氮、磷、钙和镁的果实生产效率最高。收获指数体现了果实中养分的吸收分配情况,不同砧木处理下,‘贝达’砧木磷和钾的收获指数最高,氮、钙和镁的收获指数分别以‘SO4’‘5BB’和‘华葡1号’砧木表现最高。【结论】本研究中不同砧木对氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的吸收情况差异显著,吸收能力与利用效率之间表现不一致。‘贝达’和‘101-14’砧木对磷和钙具有较高的生物及经济利用效率;‘1103P’砧木钾的生物及经济利用效率较高;氮和镁的生物利用效率分别以‘420A’和‘5BB’砧木表现最好,而经济利用效率则以‘101-14’砧木表现最好。另外,‘贝达’砧�【Objective】In order to screen high-efficiency grape rootstocks with different nutrients, the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiencies of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) in 87-1 grape variety grafted with 12rootstock varieties were studied, which was beneficial to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of rootstocks and the improvement of fertilizer utilization in grape production.【Method】From January 2020 to November 2021, the whole grape plants sampled from 87-1 grape variety grafted with 12 rootstock varieties at the key growth stages, such as germination stage, initial flowering stage, end bloom stage, seed development stage, veraison stage, maturation stage and deciduous stage, were carried out for two consecutive years, respectively. Based on mineral element content of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in plants, the element accumulation per plant, dry matter production efficiency(DMPE), fruit production efficiency(FPE) and harvest index(HI) of each combination were calculated. And then, the differences between each indexes were analyzed, and the effects of different rootstocks on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were compared.【Result】The significant differences in the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg per plant among different stock were found, 87-1/34EM of which had the highest accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Using DMPE and FPE as indicators, the biological and economic utilization efficiencies of nutrients(BUE and EUE) were evaluated. N and K of 87-1/420A combination had the highest DMPE, and 87-1/Beta and 87-1/101-14 combinations had higher DMPE of P and Ca. DMPE of Mg in 87-1/5BB combination performed better. The FPE of K was the best within 1103P rootstock, while the 101-14 rootstock had the highest FPE of N, P, Ca and Mg. The HI reflected the absorption and distribution of nutrients in the fruit. Under different rootstock treatments, the Beta rootstock had the highest HI of P and K, and the

关 键 词：葡萄砧木 氮 磷 钾 钙 镁 吸收利用 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]