汽车装配作业人员噪声所致听力损失的风险评估  

Risk assessment for noise-induced hearing loss in automotive assembly workers

作　　者：郭亮亮 吴家兵 吴琨 梅勇[2] 梅良英 凌瑞杰 祁成 郑建如 孙荣斌 朱亮亮 史伟伟 杨少华 陈静 姚莉 姚艳萍 尹虹 丁丽花 吴小娟 GUO Liang-liang;WU Jia-bing;WU Kun;MEI Yong;MEI Liang-ying;LING Rui-jie;QI Cheng;ZHENG Jian-ru;SUN Rong-bin;ZHU Liang-liang;SHI Wei-wei;YANG Shao-hua;CHEN Jing;YAO Li;YAO Yan-ping;YIN Hong;DING Li-hua;WU Xiao-juan(Shiyan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China;Identification of occupational hazards of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory,Wuhan,Hubei 430065,China;Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China;Hubei Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital,Wuhan,Hubei 430015,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省十堰市职业病防治院,湖北十堰442000 [2]武汉科技大学职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430015 [3]湖北省疾病预防控制中心,湖北武汉430079 [4]湖北省中西医结合医院,湖北武汉430015

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2022年第6期63-67,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2020年度职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(OHIC2020Y04)。

摘　　要：目的对某汽车制造厂装配作业人员进行听力损失风险评估。方法对某汽车制造厂装配作业岗位进行8h等效声级监测;采用ISO 1999:2013(E)规定的方法,测算装配作业人员噪声所致听力损失风险;根据《噪声职业病危害风险管理指南》,对噪声所致听力损失风险进行分级评估;用Pearson相关分析方法对结果进行统计分析。结果该汽车制造厂装配作业岗位平均8h等效声级为89.5dB(A);4000 Hz时,装配作业人员听力损失N_(50)(dB)达到最大值;暴露时间越长,发生高频标准听阈偏移的风险越高;工作30年时,高频标准听阈偏移的风险为较高风险;工作40年时,发生噪声聋的风险分级达到较高风险。结论该汽车制造厂装配作业人员8小时等效声级(L_(EX,8h))超过职业接触限值;暴露年数增加,发生高频标准听阈偏移和噪声聋的风险升高。Objective To evaluate the risk of hearing loss of assembly workers in an automobile manufacturing factory.Methods An 8-hour equivalent sound level monitoring was carried out for assembly posts in an automobile factory.The risk of noise-induced hearing loss of assembly workers was measured using the method specified in ISO 1999:2013(E).The risk of noise-induced hearing loss was assessed in a graded manner according to the Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Disease Hazards from Noise.The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results The average 8-hour equivalent sound level of the assembly work post in this automobile manufacturing factory was 89.5 dB(A).At 4000 Hz,the hearing loss N_(50)(dB)of assembly workers reached the maximum.The longer the exposure time,the higher the risk of high-frequency standard hearing threshold shift.The risk of high-frequency standard hearing threshold shift was at a relatively high level at 30 years of work,while the risk of noise deafness reached a higher level after 40 years of work.Conclusion The 8-hour equivalent sound level(L_(EX,8h))of assembly workers in the automobile factory exceeds the occupational exposure limit.With the increase of exposure years,the risk of high-frequency standard hearing threshold shift and noise deafness increases.

关 键 词：汽车制造 听力损失 噪声暴露 风险评估 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]