空箱调运下海运供应链融资模式:担保vs.延迟支付  

Shipping supply chain financing model under empty container repositioning:Guarantee vs.delayed payment

作　　者：唐万生[1] 赵馨 宋珠珠 TangWansheng;Zhao Xin;Song Zhuzhu(Institute of Systems Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学系统工程研究所,天津300072 [2]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《系统工程学报》2022年第5期672-688,共17页Journal of Systems Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71771164);天津市科技发展战略研究计划资助项目(18ZLZDZF00070).

摘　　要：基于海运供应链中货运代理缺乏资金的现状和往返运输之间常见的空箱调运,研究了班轮公司为两个方向上的货运代理提供融资担保或延迟支付的策略选择.除融资利率外,两个方向的贸易不平衡程度以及空箱调运成本亦是影响班轮公司和货运代理偏好的重要因素.构建两个方向不同融资模式组合下的博弈模型并求解后,发现延迟支付总是会增加去程方向的订购舱容数量,而在回程方向的订购数量增加方面融资担保和延迟支付各有占优.尽管为两个方向都提供融资担保不仅能降低产生空箱调运需求的可能性亦能减少需要空箱调运的数量,但是却不会给班轮公司带来最优收益.而为两个方向都提供延迟支付不仅能在空箱调运成本较高时为班轮公司带来最优收益,亦能在融资利率较低时与两个方向上的货运代理实现三赢.Based on the lack of funds for freight forwarders in the shipping supply chain and the common empty container repositioning between round-trip transportation,this paper studies the strategic choice of liner companies to provide financing guarantee or delayed payment for forwarders in two directions.In addition to the financing interest rate,the degree of trade imbalance in the two directions and the cost of empty container repositioning are important factors that affect the preferences of the liner company and forwarders.After constructing and solving the game models under different financing model combinations in two directions,this study finds that delayed payment always increases the order quantity in the heading direction,while the finance guarantee and the delayed payment all have advantages in terms of the increase in the order quantity in the return direction.Although providing finance guarantee for both directions can not only reduce the possibility of generating empty container repositioning demand but also reduce the amount of empty container repositioning needs,it does not bring optimal profit to the liner company.Providing delayed payment for both directions can not only bring optimal profit to the liner company when the cost of empty container repositioning is high but also achieve a triple-win situation with forwarders in both directions when the financing interest rate is low.

关 键 词：海运供应链 担保融资 延迟支付 空箱调运 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]