抗战前申新纺织公司生产效率决定因素探究  

Analysis on the determinants of production efficiency of Shenxin Textile Companybefore the Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：孙正坤 SUN Zhengkun(Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学史系,北京100084

出　　处：《丝绸》2022年第11期158-164,共7页Journal of Silk

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第71批面上资助项目(2022M711821);东华大学人文繁荣计划预研究重点项目(110-10-0108011)。

摘　　要：申新纺织公司是民国时期最大的民营棉纺企业,对其软硬件实力的研究可以进一步地了解软硬件条件对一个企业生产效率的影响。本文运用历史文献和数据分析的方式对申新九家纺织厂的生产力水平进行分析,并探讨软硬件实力在企业发展中的重要性。研究得出:企业设备及厂房的先进程度对纺织企业生产效率有一定的影响,但不是决定性因素;对申新纺织公司的软硬件实力调查表明,设置合理的管理制度更为重要,甚至可以让一个设备、厂房等硬件落后的企业的效率超越设备优秀的企业。Shenxin Textile Company was the largest private cotton textile enterprise in the Republic of China. The study of its software and hardware strength can facilitate the further understanding of the impact of software and hardware conditions on an enterprise’s production efficiency. The core research objective of this paper is to study the determinants of enterprise productivity. At the same time, the importance of analyzing each factor by this research and the value of Chen Gongbo’s investigation of literature during this period are discussed. This paper uses historical documents and data analysis to analyze the productivity level of nine textile mills in Shenxin, in order to explore the importance of both workshop and equipment in enterprise development. From the study of the overall strength of the plant and equipment, we can see that two mills in Shenxin Textile Company were particularly prominent, namely, Shenxin No.3 Mill and Shenxin No.4 Mill. Shenxin No.4 Mill had nothing special for its standing out as both the workshop and equipment were very advanced. However, Shenxin No.3 Mill was different. It was not very excellent in terms of neither plant nor equipment, but its production efficiency was the best among the mills of Shenxin Textile Company, which is worth our deep consideration. This article believes that the core of this phenomenon lies in a series of reforms of the management system carried out by Shenxin No.3 Mill and the following conclusions are drawn: ⅰ) In the process of enterprise modernization, plant and equipment are the material carriers, technology is the basic condition for enterprise operation, and management and employee welfare facilities are the soul. The advantages of hardware conditions can indeed improve the production efficiency of enterprises. However, the innovation of management system has a multiplier effect on the development of an enterprise, and may even exceed the improvement of hardware conditions. ⅱ) The reform of the management system of Shenxin technology is fun

关 键 词：申新纺织公司 纺织设备 厂房建筑 工头制 技术管理改革 生产效率 

分 类 号：F406.73[经济管理—产业经济] K207.8[历史地理—历史学]