玄武岩纤维基本特征及应用前景分析  

Basic Characteristics and Application Prospect Analysis of Basalt Fiber

作　　者：宋平 高欢 汪灵[1,2] 郑智仁 乘舟越洋 王哲皓 SONG Ping;GAO Huan;WANG Ling;ZHENG Zhiren;CHENG Zhouyueyang;WANG Zhehao(College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China;College of Materials and Chemistry&Chemical Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川成都610059 [2]成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院,四川成都610059

出　　处：《矿产保护与利用》2022年第4期173-178,共6页Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41972039);四川省科技计划项目(2020YFS0391)。

摘　　要：连续玄武岩纤维通常是以玄武岩矿石为唯一原料,经高温熔融和拉丝制备而成的一种无机非金属连续纤维材料。它作为一种重要的力学增强矿物功能材料和绿色结构材料,被列入我国重点扶持发展的四大高性能纤维之一。在总结玄武岩纤维的原料特征、拉丝工艺、物化性质等基础上,进一步分析了玄武岩纤维应用的广阔的市场前景,指出玄武岩纤维具有弹性模量高、耐高温、耐腐蚀、吸音系数较高、电绝缘性良好等优良性能,且性价比优势明显,可在一些领域中取代高性能高价格纤维。同时,玄武岩纤维还具有自己独特的优良物化性质,如耐湿、耐海水、耐化学腐蚀和耐高低温,在一些应用领域具有不可替代的作用。因此,应加大玄武岩纤维轻质高强材料及复合材料新产品新工艺研究和推广应用。Continuous basalt fiber(CBF)is a kind of inorganic nonmetallic continuous fiber which is usually prepared by high-temperature melting and wire drawing with basalt ore as the only raw material.As an important mechanical reinforced mineral functional material and green structural material,it is listed as one of the four high-performance fibers supported and developed by China.On the basis of summarizing the raw material characteristics,wire drawing technology,physical and chemical properties of basalt fiber,the broad market prospect of basalt fiber application was further analyzed.It was pointed out that CBF had high elastic modulus,high temperature resistance,corrosion resistance,high sound absorption coefficient,good electrical insulation and other excellent properties,and cost-effective advantages,could replace high performance and high price fiber in some fields.At the same time,CBF also had its own unique excellent physical and chemical properties,such as moisture resistance,seawater resistance,chemical corrosion resistance and high and low temperature resistance,in some application fields,CBF had irreplaceable role.Therefore,it is necessary to increase the research and application of new products and technologies of light and high strength basalt fiber materials and composite materials.

关 键 词：玄武岩纤维 拉丝工艺 玄武岩 矿物功能材料 绿色结构材料 

分 类 号：TD91[矿业工程—选矿] TD985[化学工程—化纤工业] TQ343