知识缺失还是知识自负?知识水平对公众食品安全信心的影响研究  

Deficit or Overconfidence?The Effect of Knowledge on Public Confidence in Food Safety in China

作　　者：杨恒 金兼斌[1] YANG Heng;JIN Jianbin

机构地区：[1]清华大学新闻与传播学院,北京100084

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期172-183,共12页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“5G时代新闻传播的格局变迁与研究范式转型”(21AZD143)。

摘　　要：通过对中国10个城市成年受访者的调查,发现公众对当前食品安全问题的感知风险水平较高,反映其对食品安全形势较担忧,且对政府食品安全管理部门存在信任危机。不过公众的感知控制力较高,普遍认为自己有保障自身食品安全的能力,因此在日常的食品消费中仍然有较高的信心。研究证实中国公众在食品安全的知识层面存在着知识自负现象,公众自我评估的主观知识水平显著高于实际拥有的客观知识水平,且真正对公众食品安全信心产生影响的是公众的主观知识水平。这说明传统缺失模型所倡导的以科普、辟谣为主要形式的致力于教育公众、提升公众客观知识水平的行动能够取得的效果可能非常有限;而公众的主观知识水平和感知控制力的提升能有效提振公众的食品安全信心。A survey of adult citizens in 10 cities in China revealed that the public’s perceived risk level of the current food safety is high,reflecting their concern about the food safety and a crisis of trust in the government food safety administration.However,the public’s high perceived control inhibits the perceived severity of food safety risks,so public has a high level of confidence in their daily food consumption.The study confirms that the Chinese public has a significant knowledge overconfidence with regard to food safety,i.e.the public’s self-reported subjective knowledge is significantly higher than their objective knowledge,and that it is mainly subjective knowledge that affects public confidence in food safety.This explains,at least partly,why traditional efforts to educate the public and improve their objective knowledge in science popularization are not so effective.It is suggested that improving the public’s subjective knowledge and perceived control might be the keys to enhance their confidence in food safety.

关 键 词：食品安全信心 缺失模型 知识自负 主观知识 感知控制力 

分 类 号：G206.3[文化科学—传播学] G301