种植模式和密度互作对甘薯产量及养分吸收利用的影响  

Interaction Effects of Planting Pattern and Density on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Sweet Potato

作　　者：赵秀芬[1] 周奕廷 房增国[1] 李俊良[1] 李欢[1] Zhao Xiufen;Zhou Yiting;Fang Zengguo;Li Junliang;Li Huan(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第10期75-80,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省薯类产业技术体系栽培与土壤肥料岗位项目(SDAIT-16-08);国家甘薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-10)。

摘　　要：本试验以烟薯25为供试品种,研究不同种植密度(52 500、67 500株/hm^(2))与不同种植模式(大垄双行、小垄单行)互作对甘薯农艺性状、产量性状及氮磷钾吸收利用的影响。结果表明,种植模式对甘薯产量及产量相关性状的影响无显著差异,但增密能显著提高薯块产量,增幅为14.6%~51.5%,并极显著提高收获指数。各处理中,小垄单行高密度处理产量和收获指数最高,分别为53 445.8 kg/hm^(2)和0.55。大垄双行模式下增密可有效降低甘薯分枝数和最长蔓长。种植模式和种植密度对封垄期茎叶及块根养分积累无显著影响;大垄双行高密度和小垄单行低密度种植下甘薯茎叶磷、钾素积累量收获期出现负吸收。种植密度增加能显著提高甘薯氮、磷、钾的生产效率,但对养分干物质生产效率无显著影响,说明增加密度能有效提高以薯块产量为计算基础的养分利用效率,却不能提高以干物质为计算基础的养分利用效率。种植模式仅对甘薯钾素生产效率及其干物质生产效率产生显著影响,而对氮、磷的生产效率和干物质生产效率无显著影响。综合各项指标可知,北方薯区种植烟薯25以小垄单行适当增密为宜。In this experiment, Yanshu 25 was used as material to study the interaction effects of different planting densities(52 500,67 500 plants/hm^(2)) and different planting patterns(big ridge with double row, small ridge with single row) on agronomic traits, yield traits and NPK absorption and utilization of sweet potato. The results showed that planting patterns had no significant effects on yield and its related traits of sweet potato, but increasing density significantly increased the yield of sweet potato by 14.6%~51.5%, and very significantly increased the harvest index. The yield and harvest index were the highest under small ridge with single row and high density, which were 53 445.8 kg/hm^(2) and 0.55, respectively. The number of branches and the largest vine length of sweet potato were effectively reduced by increasing density under big ridge with double row. Planting pattern and density had no significant effects on nutrient accumulation of stems, leaves and root tubers during the ridge closing stage. The accumulation of P and K in stems and leaves of sweet potato appeared negative absorption at harvest time under big ridge with double row and high density and small ridge with single row and low density. The increase of planting density could significantly improve the production efficiency of N, P and K in sweet potato, but had no significant effect on production efficiency of nutrient based on dry matter, indicating that the increase of planting density could effectively improve the nutrient utilization efficiency based on root tuber yield, but could not improve that based on dry matter. Planting pattern only had significant effects on the K production efficiency and its dry matter production efficiency, but had no significant effects on those of N and P. According to the results, it was appropriate to increase the density of Yanshu 25 under small ridge with single row in the northern sweet potato area.

关 键 词：甘薯 种植模式 种植密度 养分累积 养分吸收利用 

分 类 号：S531.04[农业科学—作物学]