山东省畜禽粪尿中养分资源量及其利用潜力  

Nutrient Resource Quantity and Its Utilization Potential of Livestock and Poultry Manure and Urine in Shandong Province

作　　者：李峰[1] 杨珍珍 王雪荣 刘洁[2] 李红娜[1] Li Feng;Yang Zhenzhen;Wang Xuerong;Liu Jie;Li Hongna(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第10期89-97,共9页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“流域面源污染防控技术与应用示范”课题三“流域农业面源污染最佳治理技术模式研究及示范”(2021YFC3201503);山东省土地发展集团自立科研项目“低碳种养循环农业技术集成示范与碳核算”(2021-2022)。

摘　　要：了解山东省养殖业畜禽粪尿的养分资源数量、分布及其利用情况,进而有针对性地制订其合理利用的策略是解决畜牧业环境污染和提高肥料利用率的重要途径。本文通过查阅《山东统计年鉴2021》和相关文献,获取山东省主要畜禽种类猪、牛、羊和家禽等的存出栏数据以及排泄系数,再对畜禽粪尿及其养分资源数量进行估算,同时统计主要农作物小麦、玉米、花生、马铃薯和棉花的施肥需求,并计算畜禽粪尿不同还田比例下的化肥中氮、磷和钾的替代率。结果表明,2020年山东省畜禽粪尿数量为26 321.18万吨,其中猪粪尿量最大,为11 384.85万吨,占总量的43.25%,牛、家禽和羊的粪尿量分别占总量的22.91%、22.64%和11.21%;畜禽粪尿养分(N+P+K)总量为291.25万吨,N、P和K分别为139.18万吨、45.24万吨和106.83万吨,其中家禽粪便的养分含量最多,为107.18万吨,其次是猪,牛和羊较少;16个地级市中临沂的粪尿量、养分量均最大,分别为2 352.88万吨、39.88万吨;畜禽粪尿全量还田理论上化肥N、P和K的替代率平均为57.11%、107.78%和143.98%。山东省的畜禽粪尿资源具有很大利用潜力,实现畜禽粪尿资源的有效利用,是山东省实现减污降碳、化肥零增长的重要途径。Understanding the quantity, distribution and utilization of nutrient resources of livestock and poultry manure and urine in Shandong Province and then formulating reasonable utilization strategies is an important way to solve the environmental pollution cause by animal husbandry and improve the fertilizer utilization rate. In this paper, through consulting the ‘Shandong Statistical Yearbook 2021’ and related literatures, the live livestock and poultry data and excretion coefficient of major livestock and poultry species such as pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry were obtained, and then the quantity of livestock and poultry manure and its nutrient resources were estimated. At the same time, the fertilizer requirements of wheat, corn, peanut, potato and cotton were counted, and the replacement rates of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) in chemical fertilizers under different proportions of returning livestock and poultry manure into field were calculated. The results showed that the amount of livestock and poultry manure and urine in Shandong Province in 2020 was 263.2118 million tons, of which, the amount of pig manure and urine was the largest as 113.8485 million tons and accounted for 43.25% of the total amount of livestock and poultry manure and urine, followed by cattle, poultry and sheep, which accounting for 22.91%, 22.64% and 11.21%, respectively. The livestock and poultry manure and urine contained about 2.9125 million tons of nutrients(N+P+K), and N, P and K were 1.3918 million, 0.4524 million and 1.0683 million tons, respectively. The nutrient content of poultry manure and urine was the highest as 1.0718 million tons, followed by pigs, cattle and sheep. Among the 16 cities of Shandong Province, Linyi had the largest fecal urine volume and nutrient content, which were 23.5288 million and 0.3988 million tons, respectively. Theoretically, the replacement rates of N,P and K after total manure and urine of livestock and poultry returned into field were 57.11%, 107.78% and 143.98%, respectively. The

关 键 词：畜禽粪尿 养分资源 利用潜力 化肥减量 山东省 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S252[农业科学—农业基础科学]