堕胎的民法规制:女性生育权与胎儿生命利益衡平视角  

Civil Law Regulation of Abortion:From the Angle of Equity between Female Reproductive Rights and Fetal Life Interests

作　　者：王新博 Wang Xinbo(School of Law,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学法学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学研究生论丛》2022年第5期115-124,共10页Journal of the Postgraduates of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2022年甘肃省优秀研究生创新之星项目:女性生育权与胎儿利益衡平的省思与对策研究(项目编号:2022CXZX-038)。

摘　　要：作为民事权利的生育权具有身份伦理性,受到维护女性利益、实现人类繁衍、牵连胎儿生命三重公共利益的制约。随着国家生育政策的调整,胎儿生命利益逐渐得到彰显,并成为限制女性堕胎行为的理论依据。女性需对胎儿生父履行告知义务,通过家庭自治平衡女性生育权与胎儿生命利益之间的冲突。胎儿生命利益随着发育时间增长而不断扩张,民法应当突破现有的民事权利理论,以怀孕3个月为时间界限,约束女性单方或男女双方做出的堕胎决定。同时,民法也应当引入家庭自治和社会引导机制,促进女性堕胎目的趋向理性,运用人身安全保护令和人格权禁令制度维护女性的真实意愿。As a civil right,the reproductive rights have identity ethical nature and are restricted by the triple public interests,namely safeguarding women s interests,realizing human reproduction and involving the the life of the fetus.With the adjustment of the national population policy,the interests of the life of the fetus are gradually highlighted and become the theoretical basis for limiting female abortion.Women should fulfill the obligation to inform the father of the fetuses.It is necessary to balance the conflict between women s reproductive rights and the interests of the fetuses through family autonomy.The interests of fetal life are expanding with the growth of development time.The civil law should break through the existing theory of civil rights,restrict the abortion decisions made by women unilaterally or bilaterally by men and women and take three months of pregnancy as the time limit.At the same time,the civil law should also introduce the mechanism of family autonomy and social guidance to promote the rational intention of women s abortion.The civil law meanwhile use the personal security protection order and the personality rights prohibition system to safeguard women s real will.

关 键 词：女性 生育权 胎儿利益 堕胎 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]