叠合盆地深层、超深层热演化史恢复理论及方法研究新进展  

New progress in research on theories and methods for reconstruction of deep and ultra-deep thermal evolution history in superimposed basins

作　　者：任战利[1,2] 崔军平 祁凯[1] 杨鹏 刘新社[3] 张才利[3] 杨桂林 高彦芳[1] 张莹[1] 邢光远 REN Zhanli;CUI Junping;QI Kai;YANG Peng;LIU Xinshe;ZHANG Caili;YANG Guilin;GAO Yanfang;ZHANG Ying;XING Guangyuan(State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi′an 710069,China;Xi′an Key Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Multiple Energy Resources,Xi′an 710069,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute,Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi′an 710018,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学地质学系/大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]西安市多种能源资源勘探开发重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [3]中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,陕西西安710018

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期910-929,共20页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41630312);长庆油田公司重大专项(ZDZX2021)。

摘　　要：深层、超深层是油气勘探的重要领域及今后的勘探方向,不同地热类型盆地的深层、超深层现今温度差异大,热演化历史复杂,恢复难度大。该文在收集及调研国内外深层、超深层地层温度、成熟度及古地温研究方法、研究新进展的基础上,对深层、超深层现今地温场差异及对油气相态的控制作用、古地温恢复方法、热演化史恢复理论及方法、热演化史对油气成藏评价的控制作用及深层、超深层研究中应关注的科学问题进行深入研究。研究结果表明:建立的国内外不同地热状态盆地深层、超深层温度与深度关系图版表明,在中浅层温度差异相对较小,在深层、超深层随深度增加差异明显增大(同一深度不同热状态盆地现今地层温度相差可达110℃以上,温度差异大)。地层温度是控制油气相态分布最为重要的控制因素,加热时间也是重要因素;建立的不同热状态盆地从中浅层到超深层油气相态与深度关系图版表明,从高地温梯度到低地温梯度盆地,石油液态窗、凝析油湿气、干气分布深度逐渐加深。在西部,低温型快速沉降盆地超深层油藏分布埋深可达8000~9000 m,凝析油湿气气藏埋深更大,可达12000 m;叠合盆地深层、超深层,特别是海相碳酸盐岩地层缺乏有效的古地温恢复方法,在对不同古温标方法研究新进展分析的基础上,认为多种古温标方法与盆地地质条件相结合,相互约束,可有效提高古地温恢复结果的可靠性;深层、超深层经历多期构造运动的改造及破坏,早期盆地古地温场及构造热事件信息难以记录。研究后提出的复杂叠合盆地热演化史恢复理论及方法是实现深层、超深层复杂热演化史恢复的有效途径;在对鄂尔多斯盆地深层中新元古界热演化史恢复及油气生成期次分析的基础上,将国内外深层、超深层不同热演化史类型划分为4种类型,并分析了不同热史Deep and ultra-deep layers are important fields and future directions for oil and gas exploration.The present temperature of deep and ultra-deep layers in different geothermal basins varies greatly,and the thermal evolution history is complex,which makes reconstruction difficult.In this paper,on the basis of collecting and investigating the new progress in the research methods of temperature,maturity and paleotemperature of deep and ultra-deep strata at home and abroad.In this paper,the differences of deep and ultra-deep present geothermal fields and their control law on oil and gas phase state,the restoration methods of paleogeothermal temperature,the restoration theory and methods of thermal evolution history,the control effect of thermal evolution history on oil and gas accumulation evaluation,and the scientific problems existing in deep and ultra-deep studies are deeply studied.The results of the study showed that:The established chart of the relationship between deep and ultra-deep temperature and depth of basins with different geothermal states at home and abroad has relatively small temperature differences in the middle and shallow layers,but the difference increases significantly in the deep and ultra-deep layers with the increase of depth.The temperature difference between basins with different thermal states at the same depth in ultra-deep layers can reach more than 110℃,indicating a large temperature difference.The formation temperature is the most important factor to control the phase distribution of oil and gas,and heating time is also an important factor.The relationship between oil and gas phase state and depth in basins with different thermal states is established.From high geothermal gradient to low geothermal gradient basin,the distribution depth of oil liquid window,condensate wet gas and dry gas gradually deepens.In the western low-temperature rapid subsidence basin,the buried depth of ultra-deep reservoirs can reach 8000~9000 m.The burial depth of the condensate wet gas reservoir is larger,

关 键 词：深层超深层 温度 地温梯度 加热时间 构造热事件 烃类相态 镜质体反射率 低温热年代学 热体制 热演化史 叠合盆地 

分 类 号：TE122.3[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]