中国深水盆地油气勘探及成藏研究进展——以中国南海北部为例  被引量:7

Research progress on hydrocarbon exploration and accumulation of deep water basins in China:Taking the northern South China Sea as an example

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作  者:屈红军[1] 张功成 孙晓晗 姚天星 武龙发 张磊岗 QU Hongjun;ZHANG Gongcheng;SUN Xiaohan;YAO Tianxing;WU Longfa;ZHANG Leigang(State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi′an 710069,China;CNOOC Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100027,China)

机构地区:[1]西北大学地质学系/大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]中海油研究总院有限公司,北京100027

出  处:《西北大学学报(自然科学版)》2022年第6期1028-1043,共16页Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基  金:国家科技重大专项“十二五”、“十三五”项目(2011ZX05025-06-02;2016ZX05026007-007)。

摘  要:近30年来,全球海洋深水区已成为油气勘探开发的热点和油气增储上产的亮点,中国在此领域也取得了重大突破,因此,总结中国海域深水区油气勘探及成藏研究进展具有承前启后的意义。中国海域深水含油气盆地主要位于南海北部陆缘的珠江口盆地及琼东南盆地,已发现了荔湾3-1、陵水17-2、崖城13-1等多个大中型深水气田,深水油气勘探领域从浅水陆架、深水陆坡过渡区到深海区,勘探层系从浅层到深浅层叠合,勘探首选目标由构造圈闭到岩性圈闭。南海北部陆缘大型拆离作用控制了深水盆地宽大凹陷的形成和演化,发育了陆缘深水区始新世湖相、渐新世海陆过渡相和渐新世—中新世海相3套烃源岩;陆缘岩石圈强烈薄化带控制了珠江口盆地白云深水区与琼东南盆地深水区,分别发育陆架边缘三角洲—深水扇及大型中央峡谷水道沉积体系,高变地温控制凹陷烃源岩快速生烃;上述3套烃源岩与多类型储集体之间由断层、泥底辟构造等不同输导系统构成了4种油气成藏模式,分别为白云凹陷深水区陆架边缘三角洲深水扇断裂成藏模式、琼东南盆地深水区大型轴向峡谷水道底辟油气成藏模式、低凸起披覆成藏模式及古潜山成藏模式。目前,中国南海北部深水区油气勘探依然面临一些关键瓶颈问题与挑战,主要有主烃源岩分布特征不明,大型构造圈闭缺乏,成藏层系单一和储层条件复杂,尤其是由于深水区高地温引起储层成岩演化程度高,极大地影响了储层的品质。因此,良好的源储匹配、优质储层分布、高效疏导体系与隐蔽圈闭预测是下一步深水区油气勘探的主要挑战。In the past 30 years,the global ocean deep water areas have become the hot point of hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation,and also the highlight to increase hydrocarbon reserve volumes and hydrocarbon productions;the deep water areas in China sea area have also made great breakthroughs on hydrocarbon exploration;therefore,it is of significance to summarize the research progress of hydrocarbon exploration and accumulation in the deep water area in the China sea area.Deep water petroliferous basins in China sea area are mainly located in the Pearl River Estuary Basin and the Qiongdongnan Basin in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea(here after we call SCS).Several large and medium scaled deep water gas fields have been discovered,such as Liwan 3-1,Lingshui 17-2 and Yacheng 13-1.The field of deep water oil and gas exploration is from shallow continental shelf,deepwater continental slope transition area to the abysmal area;the exploration layer systems are from shallow layer to the superimpose of shallow layer and deep layer;and the preferred exploration targets are from structural traps to lithologic traps.In the deep water basins the large-scale detachment of the northern continental margin in the SCS controlled the formation and evolution of wide-large depressions and the development of three sets of source rocks,which are Eocene lacustrine facies source rocks,Oligocene marine-continental transitional facies source rocks and Oligocene-Miocene marine facies source rocks in the deep water areas of the continental margin.The strong thinning zone of the continental margin lithosphere controlled that continental shelf marginal delta-deep water fan systems and large-scale central-canyon channel sediment were developed respectively in the deep water areas at the Baiyun sag in the Pearl River Estuary Basin and the Qiongdongnan Basin,high and variable geotemperature controled the rapid hydrocarbon generation from the source rocks in the sags,the above three sets of source rocks and multi-types of reser

关 键 词:南海北部陆缘深水区 珠江口盆地 琼东南盆地 勘探进展 油气地质特征 成藏模式 

分 类 号:TE121[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]

 

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