汽车排气系统排气口降噪优化研究  

Noise Reduction Optimization of Exhaust Port in Automobile Exhaust System

作　　者：刘兴恕[1,2] 关志伟 尹万建[2] 翟乃斌 LIU Xing-shu;GUAN Zhi-wei;YIN Wan-jian;ZHAI Nai-bin(School of Automobile and Transportation,Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China;School of Vehicle Engineering,Hu'nan Automotive Engineering Vocational College,Hu'nan Zhuzhou 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]天津职业技术师范大学汽车与交通学院,天津300222 [2]湖南汽车工程职业学院车辆工程学院,湖南株洲412001

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2022年第11期196-201,共6页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：天津市科技发展战略研究计划项目(18ZLZDZF00390)。

摘　　要：作为汽车噪声主要来源之一的汽车排气系统噪声,通过优化消声器的结构,可以获得进一步的改善。采用试验和仿真相结合的方法,详细分析了温度、排气管管道横截面积和背压等因素对汽车排气系统噪声的影响;具体计算了消声器容积、排气口直径和排气口长度等参数对排气口优化的机理;联合CATIA V5软件和Virtual.Lab软件依次建立排气系统的结构模型、计算模型和网格模型,实车试验测出排气系统尾管辐射噪声是引起车内轰鸣声的主要原因;最后通过优化设计排气尾管消声器(穿孔管加吸声材料,消声器长度和直径分别为45.8cm和9.9cm),尾管辐射噪声在发动机转速为2000rpm和4000rpm时降噪量分别是5dB(A)和3dB(A),相应地,车内噪声降噪量分别为3dB(A)和1-2dB(A),降噪效果显著,具有很好的工程实践价值。As one of the main sources of automobile noise,the noise of exhaust system can be improved by optimizing the structure of muffler.By combining experiment and simulation,the influences of temperature,cross-sectional area of exhaust pipe and back pressure on noise of automobile exhaust system are analyzed in detail;The optimization mechanism of muffler volume,exhaust diameter and exhaust length are calculated;The structure model,calculation model and grid model of exhaust system are established by combining CATIA V5 and Virtual.Lab.The radiated noise of exhaust system tailpipe is the main reason for the noise in the vehicle;Finally,the exhaust tailpipe muffler(perforated pipe with noise absorbing material,the muffler length and diameter are 45.8cm and 9.9cm respectively),the noise reduction amount of the exhaust pipe radiated noise is 5dB(A)and 3dB(A)respectively when the engine speed is 2000rpm and 4000rpm.Accordingly,the noise reduction in the vehicle is 3dB(A)and 1-2dB(A),which has a significant noise reduction effect and has good engineering practice value.

关 键 词：汽车排气系统 仿真分析 降噪 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH156