海水鱼养殖碳、氮、磷排放及对环境影响的初步评价--以大西洋鲑养殖为例  

Preliminary evaluation of the environment impact of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from marine fish farming--Take Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)farming as an example

作　　者：杨吉平 王志 郭黎明 YANG Jiping;WANG Zhi;GUO Liming(Shanghai Hechuang Marine Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200126,China;Shanghai Ocean Aquafarm Fishery Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200126,China)

机构地区：[1]上海和创船舶工程有限公司,上海200126 [2]上海耕海渔业有限公司,上海200126

出　　处：《水产科技情报》2022年第6期350-358,共9页Fisheries Science & Technology Information

摘　　要：依据排放成因,初步建立了海水鱼养殖中二氧化碳排放负荷和排放强度的测算方法;依据竹内俊郎法并综合考虑生物滤池处理效率,初步建立了海水鱼养殖的氮、磷排放负荷和排放强度以及排放总量的测算方法;依据海上生活污水排放标准,初步建立了氮、磷瞬时排放浓度的测算方法;利用浓度限值法测算了黄海冷水团区域氮、磷的环境容量。以大西洋鲑养殖数据为基础,测算了6种养殖模式的碳、氮、磷排放负荷和排放强度,并将测算的氮、磷年排放量、瞬时排放浓度的结果与黄海冷水团区域的环境容量进行比较分析,初步评估了养殖活动对环境的影响。结果显示,网箱养殖模式的二氧化碳排放负荷和排放强度均显著低于其他模式,循环水养殖模式的氮排放负荷和排放强度均显著低于全流水养殖模式,而6种养殖模式之间,磷排放负荷和排放强度的差异不显著,磷排放是制约扩大养殖规模的主要因素。This study established the estimation methods of emission load and emission intensity of carbon dioxide during marine fish culture based on the causes of emission.The emission load,emission intensity and emission amount of nitrogen and phosphorus were estimated according to the Toshiro Takeuchi method and the treatment efficiency of biological filter,and the instantaneous emission concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus were estimated based on the marine pollutant discharge standards.The environmental capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Yellow Sea cold water mass area was estimated by the concentration limit method.Based on the Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)farming data,the emission load and emission intensity of carbon dioxide,nitrogen and phosphorus were estimated under different farming modes of Atlantic salmon,and the effects of farming activities on the environment were preliminarily evaluated by comparing the annual and instantaneous emission concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus with the environmental capacity of these indices in the Yellow Sea.The results showed that the emission load and intensity of carbon dioxide in cage aquaculture mode were significantly lower than those of other modes,and the emission load and intensity of nitrogen in recirculating aquaculture mode were significantly lower than those of flow-through aquaculture mode.There was no significant difference in the emission load and intensity of phosphorus among different modes,which was the main factor restricting the expansion of aquaculture scale in the region.In conclusion,the recirculating aquaculture work ship mode was the optimal mode in terms of nitrogen comprehensive emission.

关 键 词：二氧化碳 氮 磷 排放 大西洋鲑 环境 

分 类 号：X714[环境科学与工程—环境工程]