上海地区凡纳滨对虾淡水土池三级养殖模式探索  

Study on three-stage culture model of freshwater earthen pond for Litopenaeus vannamei in Shanghai area

作　　者：丁锋 冯奇飞 姜强 DING Feng;FENG Qifei;JIANG Qiang(Shanghai Jinshan District Fisheries Technology Extension Station,Shanghai 201599,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市金山区水产技术推广站,上海201599

出　　处：《水产科技情报》2022年第6期359-362,368,共5页Fisheries Science & Technology Information

基　　金：金山区科技创新资金项目(金科农2019-2-01号)。

摘　　要：为探索凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)健康生态养殖模式,在上海市金山区开展了凡纳滨对虾淡水土池三级养殖模式试验。试验将虾苗至成虾的养殖周期分为虾苗暂养(一级养殖)、幼虾培育(二级养殖)、成虾养殖(三级养殖)3个阶段,每年进行2茬养殖。3个阶段养殖池塘数量的比例为1∶3∶3,面积比为1∶80∶300,养殖密度分别为1.1万尾/hm^(2)、98万尾/hm^(2)、44万尾/hm^(2),养殖时长分别为20~25 d、30~42 d、35~60 d,两茬养殖间隔为30~35 d。试验结果显示,在无尾水净化设施设备的情况下,所有试验塘水质均符合淡水池塘养殖水排放要求;幼虾驯养(一级养殖)成活率为73.2%,幼虾培育(二级养殖)成活率为(88.4±4.5)%,成虾养殖(三级养殖)成活率为(57.7±5.1)%;单茬养殖单位产量为(3427±230)kg/hm^(2),两茬合计单位产量为(6855±452)kg/hm^(2),高于当地传统养殖模式的平均水平。结果表明,三级养殖模式具有产量高、发病率低、环境友好等优点,可作为凡纳滨对虾的一种健康生态养殖模式进行推广。In order to explore a healthy ecological culture model for Litopenaeus vannamei,a three-stage earthen pond culture experiment was carried out in 2019 at Jinshan District of Shanghai.The culture cycle was divided into three stages:nursery stage(stageⅠ),post-larvae stage(stageⅡ)and grow-up stage(stageⅢ).Two crops were cultured each year.The ratio of the number and area of ponds in the three stages was 1∶3∶3 and 1∶80∶300 respectively.The stocking density was 11000,980000 and 440000 shrimps/hm^(2) respectively,the farming period was 20-25 d,30-42 d and 50-60 d respectively.The interval between two crops was 30-25 days.The results showed that all tail water met the discharge requirements of freshwater pond aquaculture under the condition of without water purification facility.The survival rate of shrimp in three stages was 73.2%,(88.4±4.5)%,(57.7±5.1)%respectively;The unit area yield of one single crop and two crops was(3427±230)kg/hm^(2),(6855±452)kg/hm^(2) respectively,which was higher than the average level of local traditional farming model.The results indicated that the three-stage culture model could be promoted as a healthy ecological culture model for L.vannamei with the advantages of high yield,low morbidity and environmental friendliness.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 淡水 土池养殖 三级养殖模式 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]