乡村振兴视阈下农村土地经营权信托法律构造中的主体适格问题研究  

Research on the Subject Suitability of Legal Construction of Rural Land Management Right Trust Under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

作　　者：王众[1] 李体欣 Wang Zhong;Li Tixin

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学法学院,云南昆明650500 [2]昆明学院经济管理学院,云南昆明650221

出　　处：《金融理论与实践》2022年第10期112-118,共7页Financial Theory and Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“土地承包经营权信托法律制度研究”(16BFX128);云南省哲学社会科学规划项目“信托法视域下云南农村土地经营权流转形式创新研究”(YB2017033)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：土地信托财产是土地经营权。在乡村振兴视阈下,信托当事人主体适格问题是农村土地经营权信托法律构造争议的焦点问题。农村土地经营权信托的委托人应包括:农村承包经营户“、四荒地”等农村土地的其他承包经营主体以及从前述两类承包方手中流转到土地经营权的合法主体。在农户信托委托人身份淡化时,可通过委托代理合同的桥梁功能保障农户利益。农村土地经营权信托受托人不应只局限于商业信托公司,还应包括其他具有农业经营能力或者资质的法人和自然人。新型农业经营主体是信托受托人的代理人,也是流转土地实际的经营者,应构建农村土地经营权信托受托人的代理人选任机制。农村土地经营权信托受益人资格由信托目的确定,信托目的与委托人身份有关,农户不是唯一受益人。在信托模式内部,可考虑设立农村土地经营权信托监察人、受益人大会等制度保障农户利益;在信托模式外部,可考虑建立农村土地经营权信托农业保险制度分担受益人可能遭受的损失。Land trust property is land management right.From the perspective of rural revitalization,the focus of the dispute on the legal construction of rural land management right trust actually lies in the subject suitability.The trustors of rural land management right trust shall include:leaseholding farm household,“four types of wasteland”and other rural land contracting and management subjects,as well as the legal subjects of land management rights transferred from the aforementioned two types of contractors.With the identity of farmer trustors weakening,the farmers’interest can gain protection through the bridge function of principal-agent contract.The trustees of rural land management right trust should not only be limited to commercial trust companies,but also involve other legal persons and natural persons with agricultural operation ability or qualification.As the new agricultural operating subjects are not only the agent of the trustee,but also the actual operators of the land transfer,the mechanism of selecting the agent of the trustee should be established accordingly.The beneficiary qualification of the land trust is determined by the purpose of the trust.The purpose of the trust is related to the identity of the trustor.Farmers are not the only beneficiaries of the rural land management right trust.In terms of the inner of trust model,the establishment of rural land trust supervisor system,land trust beneficiary assembly and other systems should be taken into account,so as to protect farmers’interests.Outside the trust model,the agricultural insurance system of land trust can be constructed to share the possible losses of beneficiaries.

关 键 词：农村土地经营权信托 法律构造 商业信托公司 受益人 

分 类 号：F832.40[经济管理—金融学]