施密特论“法形式”与“政治形式”的概念——解读《政治神学》和《罗马天主教与政治形式》中的“形式”概念  

Carl Schmitt’s Discussions on the Concepts of “Legal Form” and “Political Form”: An Interpretation of the Concept of “Form” in Political Theology and Roman Catholicism and Political Form

作　　者：张觅 ZHANG Mi(School of Government,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院,广州510275

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期86-94,共9页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：法形式的概念是理解施密特主权概念的法理学本质的关键。在《政治神学》中,通过与规范主义和形式主义国家法学的论战,施密特发展出建基于其自身法形式概念的主权学说:法形式存在于人格权威的法决断之中,决断实现了法实践和主权实践中持续的充满活力的形式性建构要素。在同一时期的《罗马天主教与政治形式》中,施密特展现了罗马天主教会作为对立复合体的特殊的政治形式能力,这种形式能力使天主教得以超逾现代哲学的极端二元论困境。在施密特看来,规范主义等错误主权学说的理论和精神根源正在于时代的极端二元论困境。在这一意义上,施密特的形式概念蕴含了他对时代精神危机的诊断。The concept of legal form is the key to understanding the jurisprudential nature of Carl Schmitt’s concept of sovereignty. In Political Theology, through a polemic against the normative and formalist state jurisprudence, Schmitt developed a theory of sovereignty based on his own concept of legal form: the legal form exists in the legal determination of the authority of personality, and the determination brings the ongoing and vibrant formal constructural elements in the legal and sovereign practice into reality. During the same period, in Roman Catholicism and the Political Form, Schmitt demonstrated the Roman Catholic Church’s special capability of political form as a complex of opposites, which allowed the Catholicism to transcend the extreme dualistic dilemma of modern philosophy. In Schmitt’s view, the theoretical and spiritual roots of the false doctrines of sovereignty, like normativism, are in the extreme dualism of the times. In this sense, Schmitt’s concept of form implies his diagnosis of the crisis of the zeitgeist.

关 键 词：施密特 法形式 政治形式 主权 决断 

分 类 号：D0-02[政治法律—政治学] D903