品种及施氮水平对旱地直播油菜产量和氮素利用的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Applied Rates and Varieties on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Direct Seeding Rapeseed in Dry Land

作　　者：严红梅 谢露瑶 兰汉军 李虹桥 彭霄[1] 郭世星[1] 吴永成[1,4,5] YAN Hongmei;XIE Luyao;LAN Hanjun;LI Hongqiao;PENG Xiao;GUO Shixing;WU Yongcheng(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Modern Agricultural Industry Development Center of Yuechi County,Yuechi,Sichuan 638300,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Zhongjiang County,Zhongjiang,Sichuan 618100,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130 [2]岳池县现代农业产业发展中心,四川岳池638300 [3]中江县农业农村局,四川中江618100 [4]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130 [5]作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《作物研究》2022年第5期436-440,493,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：四川省“十四五”农作物育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ005);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队(sccxtd2022-03)。

摘　　要：为探究川中丘陵区旱地直播油菜高产高效抗倒的品种选择和合理施氮量,选用3个油菜品种(绵邦油1号、佳油JS03、长江早油3号),设置4个施氮量(0、90、135、180 kg/hm^(2)),测定不同品种及施氮水平下旱地直播油菜的产量、氮素利用和田间倒伏状况。结果显示:随施氮量的增加,籽粒和油产量呈升高趋势,但在施氮量135~180 kg/hm^(2)范围内无显著差异。植株氮素积累量随施氮量加大而显著增加。随施氮量的增加,氮肥农学利用率、氮肥表观利用率和氮收获指数均呈先增后降趋势,在施氮量135 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大值。随着施氮量的增加,各品种的倒伏角度呈降低趋势,田间倒伏率呈升高趋势。不同品种间的含油量、植株氮素积累量、倒伏角度及田间倒伏率均存在显著差异。在川中丘陵区,选用抗倒性较强的长江早油3号品种,施氮量在135~180 kg/hm^(2)时,有利于旱地直播油菜的高产、高效、抗倒。To explore the variety selection and reasonable nitrogen application rate of high yield,high efficiency and lodging resistance of direct seeding rapeseed in hilly area dry land of central Sichuan.A field split-plot experiment consist of three varieties(MBY1,JS03,CJZY3)and four nitrogen application rates(0,90,135,180 kg/hm^(2))was carried out to determine the yield,nitrogen utilization and field lodging situation.The result showed that,with the increase of nitrogen application rates,seed yield and oil yield increased,but there was no significant difference between the N2(135 kg N/hm^(2))and N3(180 kg N/hm^(2)).Plant nitrogen accumulation increased significantly with the addition of nitrogen application rates.There was a trend of increased at first and then decreased for nitrogen fertilizer agronomic use efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer apparent use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index with the increase of nitrogen application rates,and reached the maximum at N2.With the addition of nitrogen application rates,the lodging angle showed a decreasing trend,but the field lodging ratio increased.There were significant differences in oil content,plant nitrogen accumulation,lodging angle and field lodging ratio among different varieties.In the hilly area of central Sichuan,it was beneficial to high yield and high lodging resistance of direct seeding rapeseed in dry land under the condition of CJZY3 and the nitrogen application rate of 135-180 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：旱地油菜 品种 氮肥 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S565.406.2[农业科学—作物学]