新冠肺炎疫情下国际商事合同中不可抗力的认定与证明  

The Determination and Proof of Force Majeure in International Commercial Contracts under the COVID-19

作　　者：韩秀丽[1] 荣婷 HAN Xiuli;RONG Ting

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2022年第5期42-52,共11页International Business Research

基　　金：福建省社会科学规划特别委托省法学会专项项目(项目编号:FJ2019TWFX009)。

摘　　要：在新冠肺炎疫情暴发的特殊背景下,疫情及其防控措施易导致国际商事合同履行障碍,涉疫情不可抗力纠纷也随之出现。在合同准据法为中国法的前提下,疫情及其防控措施能否构成不可抗力取决于合同约定,若合同没有约定或约定不明,还需结合法律规定。不可抗力事实性证明是涉外企业减免违约责任的重要文件,其出具主体主要为中国贸促会、各商会与公证机构,其内容仅为对不可抗力相关事实的证明,因此不必然产生不可抗力的法律效果。对于已经发生的纠纷,涉外企业应及时履行不可抗力通知与证明义务,同时收集和固定证据。后疫情时代,涉外企业新签合同时应完善不可抗力条款,增强纠纷解决的确定性与可预见性。Under the special background of the outbreak of the COVID-19,the COVID-19 and related prevention measures may easily lead to obstacles in the performance of international commercial contracts.The force majeure disputes under the COVID-19 then emerges.When the applicable law is Chinese law,whether the COVID-19 and the prevention measures constitute force majeure depends on the contract stipulation.If there is no stipulation concerning force majeure or the stipulation is unclear,it will depend on the law.Factual proof of force majeure is an important document for foreign-related enterprises to reduce or exempt from liability for breach of contracts.The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT),chambers of commerce and notarial institutions are entitled to provide the factual proof of force majeure.The factual proof of force majeure only illustrates the related facts,so it does not have legal effects.For disputes that have occurred,foreign-related enterprises shall promptly perform the obligation of notification and proof,and collect and fix evidence meanwhile.In the post-COVID-19 era,foreign-related companies shall make the force majeure clauses better when signing new contracts to improve the certainty and predictability of dispute resolution.

关 键 词：不可抗力 新冠肺炎疫情 国际商事合同 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]