北京第二绿化隔离地区以鸟类为主的城市生物多样性保护规划途径  

The Planning Approach for Bird-based Urban Biodiversity Conservation in the Second Green Belt of Beijing

作　　者：刘海龙[1] 王茜 宋洋 蒋晓玥 LIU Hailong;WANG Qian;SONG Yang;JIANG Xiaoyue(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国园林》2022年第10期6-13,共8页Chinese Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：城市生物多样性是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分,是评价城市自然系统健康与否的重要指标之一,是维护城市的生态安全和生态平衡、改善城市人居环境的重要支撑。但快速城镇化发展会对城市生物多样性造成巨大冲击。针对作为首都城乡交界区域的第二绿化隔离地区探讨城市生物多样性保护与提升,具有极为重要的现实意义。鸟类因其广布性、环境敏感性和易观测等特征,是研究城市生物多样性的重要指示类群。从综合现状本底调查与保护价值分析入手,通过GIS平台与InVEST模型,综合理论层面模拟结果与鸟类实际观测数据,对研究区域进行生物多样性评估,发现其拥有较好的生态本底,其中鸟类资源尤为丰富,但受到人为干扰较大,生境呈现孤岛化和破碎化的特征。根据评价结果,提出构建“分级、分区、连网”的生物多样性保护规划体系,从“核心保护”“提质增绿”“网络连通”3个方面具体落实保护规划内容,旨在为城市生物多样性保护规划体系的构建提供参考。Urban biodiversity is an important part of global biodiversity,one of the important indicators for evaluating the health of urban natural systems,and an important support for maintaining ecological security and ecological balance of cities and improving urban habitat.The rapid urbanization development has caused a huge impact on urban biodiversity,and as an urbanrural border area of the capital,it is of great practical importance to explore the conservation and enhancement of urban biodiversity in the second green belt of Beijing.Birds are important indicator taxa for studying urban biodiversity because of their wide distribution,environmental sensitivity and easy observation.In this study,the biodiversity of the research area was evaluated by using a GIS platform and the InVEST model to synthesize theoretical simulation results and actual observation data of birds,and it was found that the research area has a good ecological background,among which bird resources are particularly rich,but it is highly disturbed by human beings and shows the characteristics of isolation and fragmentation.Based on the evaluation results,it is proposed to build a biodiversity conservation planning system of"grading,zoning,and networking",and the conservation planning is implemented in three aspects:"core protection","quality and greening"and"network connectivity",which will provide some reference for the construction of urban biodiversity conservation planning system.

关 键 词：风景园林 城市生物多样性 鸟类保护 生境质量 二道绿隔 保护规划体系 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]