基于生物节律评价不同养殖工艺和饲养管理技术的动物福利和健康养殖问题  

Evaluation of Animal Welfare and Healthy Breeding under Different Raising Processes and Feeding Management Techniques Based on Biological Rhythms

作　　者：祝梦琦 郭瑶 王强军 张轲豪 刘中英[1] 吴中红[1] ZHU Mengqi;GUO Yao;WANG Qiangjun;ZHANG Kehao;LIU Zhongying;WU Zhonghong(College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2022年第10期96-102,共7页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-43-D-2);国家转基因重大专项(2009ZX08006-008B)。

摘　　要：集约化畜禽养殖中,养殖工艺和饲养管理不合理可能违背畜禽的自然生物习性,扰乱机体的代谢稳态,导致生产和繁殖性能下降。畜禽的健康、高效、福利及智能化养殖迫切需要精准化的养殖工艺和饲养管理方式,而如何评价养殖工艺和饲养管理是否符合畜禽生理健康和福利养殖要求,一直是国内外畜牧业所关注的问题。由于畜禽行为和生理活动存在节律性,因此根据畜禽单一时刻的行为表现和生理指标不能准确评价养殖工艺和饲养管理方式的真实效果。本文重点综述了生物节律对畜禽代谢、健康、生产和繁殖性能的影响、养殖工艺及饲养管理方式与生物节律的关系,提出了畜牧业生产中可以利用生物节律评价不同养殖工艺和饲养管理方式的优劣或适宜性,为优化或开发新型养殖工艺和精准化饲养管理技术提供理论依据。In intensive livestock industry, some unreasonable raising process and feeding management violate the animals’ natural habits, disturb their metabolic homeostasis of the organism, and result in a decrease in performance of production and reproduction. Precise raising process and feeding management are urgently needed for healthy, high efficiency, welfare and intelligent rearing of livestock, while the evaluation of whether the raising process and feeding management meets the requirements of animals’ physiological health and animal welfare has been a major concern in livestock husbandry. Since there are rhythmic changes in animal behaviour and physiological activity, the real effect of raising process and feeding management cannot be accurately evaluated according to indicator of behaviour and physiological activity at single time point. The paper briefly reviews the relationship among circadian rhythms and livestock raising, feeding management and environmental regulation, overviews the effect of biological rhythms on the animal metabolism, health, production and reproduction. And we put forward that biological rhythms can be used to evaluate the advantages or disadvantages or suitability of different raising processes and feeding managements in livestock husbandry, so as to provide theoretical basis for optimizing or developing new raising processes and precise rearing technologies.

关 键 词：生物节律 养殖工艺 精准饲养 动物福利 健康养殖 

分 类 号：S815.2[农业科学—畜牧学]