单纯窒息性气体急性中毒死亡案件的检材提取和分析策略  

Strategies for Collection and Analysis of Samples in Simple Asphyxiant Gas Acute Poisoning Death Cases

作　　者：向平 刘宁国 沈保华 强火生 沈敏 XIANG Ping;LIU Ning-guo;SHEN Bao-hua;QIANG Huo-sheng;SHEN Min(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science,Ministry of Justice,Shanghai Forensic Service Platform,Academy of Forensic Science,Shanghai 200063,China)

机构地区：[1]司法鉴定科学研究院上海市法医学重点实验室司法部司法鉴定重点实验室上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台,上海200063

出　　处：《法医学杂志》2022年第4期507-514,共8页Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81871531);上海市法医学重点实验室资助项目(21DZ2270800);司法部司法鉴定重点实验室资助项目;上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台资助项目(19DZ2292700)。

摘　　要：当前,单纯窒息性气体急性中毒死亡案件呈急剧增加趋势。死亡案件中常见窒息性气体包括氮气、氦气、二氧化碳、甲烷、丙烷、笑气等。单纯窒息性气体对生物基质没有亲和力,逸出迅速,这对法医学尸体检验方案、检材选择与提取、实验室分析鉴定等提出了新要求。本文综述了单纯窒息性气体急性中毒死亡案件的研究发展过程,并提出此类案件的检材提取和分析策略。该类案件最有价值的检材应是与气道有关的肺组织,其次为脑组织和心血。食管腔内气体、气管腔内气体、肺支气管腔内气体、胃内气体和心腔内气体等均非常有价值。在尸体检验时,气体应直接注入气体采样袋,组织、心血等生物检材应直接封存于顶空小瓶,采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法分析。At present,the death cases of simple asphyxiant gas acute poisoning are increasing sharply.Common asphyxiant gases in death cases include nitrogen,helium,carbon dioxide,methane,propane,laughing gas,etc.Simple asphyxiant gas has no affinity for biological matrices and escapes quickly,which puts forward new requirements for autopsy procedures,selection and collection of samples,laboratory analysis and identification.This paper reviews the research and development process of death cases caused by simple asphyxiant gas acute poisoning and put forwards the collection and analysis strategy of the samples in such cases.The most valuable biological samples in such cases should be lung tissues associated with the airways,followed by brain tissue and cardiac blood.Gaseous samples from the esophageal cavity,tracheal cavity,pulmonary bronchi,gastric and cardiac areas are also recommended as valuable samples.In the case of postmortem examination,the gas should be injected into gas sample bag directly.Biological materials such as tissue and blood should be directly sealed in head-space vials and analyzed by using the headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

关 键 词：法医毒理学 窒息性气体 中毒 检材提取 实验室分析 鉴定策略 综述 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]