优化农机补贴政策的国际经验与启示  

International Experience and Enlightenment of Optimizing Agricultural Machinery Subsidy Policy

作　　者：李祯然 雷泽 高鸣 LI Zhenran;LEI Ze;GAO Ming

机构地区：[1]中国财政科学研究院,北京100089 [2]农业农村部农村经济研究中心,北京100810

出　　处：《世界农业》2022年第11期5-13,共9页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71803094);中央农办、农业农村部乡村振兴专家咨询委员会软科学课题(202117)。

摘　　要：农机补贴政策是国家强农惠农政策的重要内容,对农业机械化发展有着重要的促进与导向作用。在推进中国农机补贴政策进一步完善优化的过程中,其他国家有益的补贴经验具有重要借鉴意义。本文对欧盟、日本、印度等国家和组织的农机补贴政策,从财政直补、信贷优惠、税收减免等方面进行了归纳分析,发现欧盟的补贴主要依托农业合作组织开展、日本的补贴聚焦丘陵山区的农机发展、印度则依赖财政的大额支持。同时,本文结合各国国情分析了其补贴政策对中国的适用价值。此外,本文系统总结了中国的农机补贴政策,并与国外进行对比分析,发现中国的农机补贴仍存在补贴政策体系不完善、补贴种类不均衡、补贴标准较低等问题,需要进一步优化完善。在此基础上,本文从优化补贴模式、细化补贴范围、完善补贴标准三方面提出了针对中国农机补贴体系现有问题的具体改进建议。Agricultural machinery subsidy policy is an important part of the national policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers,which plays an important role in promoting and guiding the development of agricultural mechanization in China.It is of great significance for China to further improve the system of agricultural machinery subsidy policy by drawing lessons from other countries.This paper summarizes and analyzes the agricultural machinery subsidy policies of Europe,Japan and India from the aspects of direct financial subsidy,preferential credit policy,tax reduction and other aspects.It is found that the EU’s subsidies mainly rely on the development of agricultural cooperation organizations,Japan’s subsidies focus on the development of agricultural machinery in the hills and mountain areas,India relies on the large financial support of finance.At the same time,it analyzes the applicable value of its subsidy policy to China in conjunction with the national conditions of various countries.In addition,this article systematically summarizes China’s agricultural machinery subsidy policy,and compare it with foreign countries.It is found that there are still some problems in China’s agricultural machinery subsidies,such as imperfect subsidy policy system,unbalanced subsidy types and low subsidy standards,which need to be further optimized and improved.On this basis,this paper puts forward specific suggestions to improve the existing problems of China’s agricultural machinery subsidy system from three aspects:optimizing the subsidy mode,refining the subsidy scope and perfecting the subsidy standard.

关 键 词：农业机械化 农机补贴政策 国际经验 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济] F812.8