生态环境目标责任考核、经济绩效和企业行为--来自淮河流域水质目标责任考核的微观证据  

Ecological and Environmental Accountability Assessment,Economic Performance and Corporate Responses:Empirical Evidence based on the Huai River BasinWater Quality Accountability System

作　　者：李博英 尹海涛[2] LI Bo-ying;YIN Hai-tao(School of Political Science and International Relations,Institute for China and World Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院,同济大学中国战略研究院,上海200092 [2]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期162-176,共15页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“晨光计划”项目“绿色发展视角下自然资源资产离任审计的运行和作用机制研究”(19CG24),国家自然科学基金项目“规模控制和强度控制:两种污染控制政策的比较研究”(71974124)。

摘　　要：为了强化环保规制的实施,我国在2018年推行自然资源资产离任审计制度,把官员环境绩效考核提升到与经济绩效考核同等的地位。借助国务院与淮河流域内四省签订的《淮河流域水污染防治目标责任书》作为准自然实验,利用工业企业层面数据,采用三重差分方法探讨生态环境考核对企业的竞争力及其生产经营行为的影响。发现淮河流域水质目标责任考核制显著降低了淮河流域内水污染企业的产出规模,增加了单位产出的固定资产投资;同时淮河流域内四省的水污染企业的资产收益率并未受到显著影响。异质性分析表明,民营企业和外资企业更多地受到该制度的影响;小型企业的资产收益率显著下降,但中型企业和大型企业的资产收益率和单位产出的固定资产合计均有显著上升。通过分析产生政策影响的可能原因和路径,为强化生态环境规制实施提供了决策参考。The Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that ecological civilization is an indispensable part of the overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics.In order to strengthen the implementation of environmental regulations,in 2018,China implemented a nationwide auditing system of natural resources of outgoing leading cadres,promoting officials’environmental performance assessment to the same position as economic performance assessment.Taking the Huai River basin water quality accountability system for local leading cadres as a quasi-natural experiment,this study uses enterprise level data and adopts a difference-in-differences-in-differences method to investigate how ecological and environmental accountability assessment affects firms’competitiveness,production and operating behavior,and how these impacts differ among firm types.The study shows that the output of affected enterprises significantly decreased,whereas the fixed asset investment per output level significantly increased.Furthermore,this study finds no statistically significant change in ROA.A heterogeneous analysis shows that the policy impact is mainly borne by private-and foreign-owned enterprises;ROA has dropped significantly in small enterprises,however,ROA and total fixed asset per output of both medium-sized and large enterprises have increased significantly.Based on the analysis of the possible reasons and influencing mechanisms,this study proposes several suggestions for improving the effectiveness of ecological and environmental regulation through strengthening bureaucratic accountability.

关 键 词：环境规制 水污染企业 异质性 三重差分法 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]