缺镁或高浓度镁抑制番茄生长及叶片酶活性  

Deficiency or excessive magnesium levels inhibited growth and leaf enzyme activity of tomato

作　　者：刘芳 李惠霞[1] 刘芳燕 张学科[2] LIU Fang;LI Hui-xia;LIU Fang-yan;ZHANG Xue-ke(School of Agronomy,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第9期51-58,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960628);宁夏重点研发计划(引才专项)项目(2019BEB04007);2019年宁夏大学博士科研启动金。

摘　　要：为探究日光温室条件镁营养与番茄生长及叶片酶活性的关系,以番茄塞纳品种为供试材料,在水培温室条件下设置0、0.5、1.0、1.5、3.0 mmol/L 5个不同镁浓度水平(分别记作Mg0、Mg0.5、Mg1.0、Mg1.5、Mg3.0),测定不同镁浓度对不同生育期番茄地上部、根系、光合参数、叶片酶活性等的影响,研究结果为设施条件下准确诊断镁营养丰缺症状及矫正缺镁措施提供理论及实践依据。结果表明:(1)番茄3个生育期株高、茎粗Mg0平均较Mg1.0分别减少41.3%和20.4%,Mg3.0较Mg1.0分别减少26.2%和12.4%;后两个生育期Mg0和Mg3.0较Mg1.0分枝数分别减少23.3%和12.1%,花序数均减少33.3%,缺镁或镁过量时叶面积也显著小于镁适宜的处理。(2)苗期Mg0和Mg3.0处理下根系总长、表面积、体积、直径等参数均分别显著小于Mg1.0和Mg1.5时相应的参数,开花座果期Mg0和Mg3.0处理根系体积、平均直径、投影面积均显著大于Mg1.0,根系显著变短变粗。(3)Mg^(2+)浓度在0.5~1.5 mmol/L的3个处理间SPAD值变化幅度较小,Mg0和Mg3.0较这3个处理均值分别显著减少143%和15.6%,果实成熟期各施镁处理间SPAD值无显著差异。(4)苗期和开花座果期过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)随镁浓度增大活性逐渐增强,果实成熟期Mg3.0处理下其活性显著降低,随着镁浓度增加苗期超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐降低、开花座果期先减小后增加,而在果实成熟期不断增加。由此可见,镁浓度主要影响番茄苗期及开花座果期地上部、根系生长及叶片生理生化特性,此阶段镁浓度为1.0 mmol/L时酶活性适宜,有利于番茄地上部及根系各生长参数的形成,叶色及叶面积达到最佳水平,缺镁或镁浓度过大显著抑制番茄生长及生理生化特性。To explore the relationship between magnesium(Mg)nutrition and tomato growth and leaf enzyme activity under solar greenhouse condition,a hydroponic pot experiment was conducted using tomato by five magnesium levels,including 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,3.0 mmol/L,which were represented by Mg0,Mg0.5,Mg1.0,Mg1.5,Mg3.0,respectively.The effects of different magnesium levels on shoot,root,photosynthetic parameters and leaf enzyme activity of tomato at different growth stages were measured.The results could provide theoretical and practical basis for accurately diagnosing the symptoms of magnesium nutrition balance and correcting magnesium deficiency measures under facility condition.The result showed that(1)In the three growth stages of tomato,the plant height and stem diameter of Mg0 decreased by 41.3%and 20.4%compared with Mg1.0,and those of Mg3.0 decreased by 26.2%and 12.4%compared with Mg1.0;In the latter two growth stages,the number of branches of Mg0 and Mg3.0 decreased by 23.3%and 12.1%compared with Mg1.0,and the number of inflorescences decreased by 33.3%.When magnesium was deficient or excessive,the leaf area was also significantly smaller than that of the appropriate treatment.(2)The total length,surface area,volume and diameter of roots under Mg0 and Mg3.0 treatments at seedling stage were significantly less than those under Mg1.0 and Mg1.5,respectively.At flowering and fruit setting stage,the volume,average diameter and projected area of roots under Mg0 and Mg3.0 treatments were significantly greater than Mg1.0,and the roots became significantly shorter and thicker.(3)The change range of SPAD among the three treatments with Mg^(2+)concentration of 0.5~1.5 mmol/L was small.Mg0 and Mg3.0 significantly reduced SPAD by 143%and 15.6%respectively compared with the average value of the three treatments.There was no significant difference with SPAD value among the magnesium treatments at fruit maturity.(4)The activities of peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)in seedling stage and flowering and fruit setting stage gradually increase

关 键 词：番茄 镁营养 地上部 根系 酶活性 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]