基于灰色关联度分析法的夏季绿肥资源在贵州山地果园利用潜力综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation of utilization potential for green manure based on grey correlation analysis in Guizhou mountainous orchards in summer

作　　者：张钦 姚单君 况胜剑 张举梅[2] 王文华[1] 张爱华 廖恒[1] 朱青[1] 牛雅琼 ZHANG Qin;YAO Dan-jun;KUANG Sheng-jian;ZHANG Ju-mei;WANG Wen-hua;ZHANG Ai-hua;LIAO Heng;ZHU Qing;NIU Ya-qiong(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricaltural Sciences/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guizhou Academy of Agricaltural Sciences,Guiyang Guizhou 550006;Pratacultural Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086;Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/贵州省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第9期94-101,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y026);黔农科院青年基金[2019]-21号;国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：利用灰色关联度分析法,根据夏季果园绿肥技术需求分别从繁茂性、覆盖性、还田性、抗病性等方面设置理想资源参数,对9份夏季绿肥资源的田间性状表现开展综合评价,筛选出综合表现优异的资源,为贵州山地果园夏季绿肥技术挖掘优势种质利用资源提供基础支撑。以外地引进7份、本地搜集2份夏季绿肥资源作为研究对象,通过测定出苗速度、生长态势、覆盖时间、可还田养分特征等方面特性的指标,根据田间表现及挖掘目标确定理想资源的参数,以基于鲜草产量计算加权关联度、基于变异系数计算加权关联度两种权重计算方式,利用灰色关联度分析法开展综合评价。饭豆鲜草产量高、苗期长、全生育期长、覆盖性前期弱但持续时间长,具有较小的攀爬性。HZDD3468大豆、HZDD3769大豆、HZDD2878大豆3个资源的性状相近,鲜草产量中等偏上、苗期较短、全生育期短、覆盖性前期快但持续时间短。小葵子鲜草产量中等偏上、苗期较长、全生育期较长、覆盖性前期慢但持续时间长,株高超过200 cm。红小豆鲜草产量中等、出苗天数中等、全生育期长、覆盖性前期慢但持续时间长,株高适中不攀爬,病虫害较易发生。拉巴豆鲜草产量中等、苗期短、全生育期长、覆盖性前期快且持续时间长,但攀爬性较大。HZMYZW26香青兰鲜草产量中等偏下、出苗天数中等、前期生长慢、全生育期较短。百脉根鲜草产量较低,株高适宜无攀爬且无病虫害,但前期生长慢生育期短、地表覆盖性差。果园夏季绿肥资源利用中,针对特定技术需求的繁茂性、覆盖性、还田性、抗病性能够作为优势互补抵消,宜选择苗期短、覆盖快、生育期长、鲜草产量高的资源,同时兼顾根长、自然高度适宜、攀爬性小、抗病性高。饭豆、HZDD3769大豆综合性状较好,可优先在贵州李、梨、桃、苹果等果树行间距较�To provide basic support for dominant summer green manure technology used for excavating excellent germplasm resources in Guizhou mountainous orchards,according to the technical requirements of summer green manure in the orchards,the ideal resource parameters were set from the aspects of luxuriance,coverage,field returning and disease resistance and the field performance of 9 summer green manures were analyzed by grey correlation analysis as well as the resources with good field performance were screened out.Seven introduced and two local summer green manures were selected as the research objects.The parameters of ideal resources were determined according to the field performance and mining objectives by measuring the seedling emergence speed,growth trend,coverage time and nutrient characteristics of returning field.Weighted correlation degree was calculated by the fresh grass yield and by the variation coefficient,and the comprehensive evaluation was carried out by using the grey correlation degree analysis method.Rice bean had such characters as high fresh grass yield,long seedling stage,long whole growing period,small coverage in the early stage but long coverage duration,and weak climbing ability.HZDD3468 soybean,HZDD3769 soybean and HZDD2878 soybean,whose fresh grass yield was all above the average,had the similar characters such as short seedling stage,short whole growing period,fast coverage speed in early stage but short coverage duration.The fresh grass yield of Guizotiaabyssinica Cass was above the average,and the plant height was more than 200 cm.It also had other characters such as longer seedling stage,longer whole growth period,slow coverage speed in early stage but long coverage duration.Red bean had such characters as medium fresh grass yield,medium days of seedling emergence,long whole growing period,slow coverage speed in early stage but long coverage duration,moderate plant height,no climbing trait,liable to occurrence of diseases and pests.Lablab had such characters as medium fresh grass yield

关 键 词：绿肥 夏季 果园 灰色关联度 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学] S142[农业科学—园艺学]