微咸和淡水灌溉对秸秆复合基质养分特性的影响  

Effects of brackish and fresh water irrigation on nutrient characteristics of straw composite substrate

作　　者：杨官凯 武育芳 曹行行 王晓东 祁瑞雪 张雪艳[1] YANG Guan-kai;WU Yu-fang;CAO Hang-hang;WANG Xiao-dong;QI Rui-xue;ZHANG Xue-yan(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Zhongning County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Zhongwei Ningxia 755100)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]中宁县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏中卫755100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第9期174-183,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目一般项目(国际合作项目)(2019BEH03001);自治区科技创新领军人才(KJT2017001);宁夏回族自治区“青年拔尖人才培养工程”。

摘　　要：为探究以玉米秸秆为主要成分的栽培基质在微咸水和淡水灌溉下对基质养分的影响,以单一玉米秸秆为对照(S),设置玉米秸秆添加生物炭(SB)、蚯蚓粪(SE)、生物炭+蚯蚓粪(SBE)3个处理,分别进行微咸水(b)和淡水(f)灌溉,共8个处理。采用两个栽培茬口进行田间试验,结果表明,冬春茬基质通气孔隙度和容重较夏秋茬呈升高趋势。夏秋茬,微咸水相对淡水灌溉增加了基质容重。冬春和夏秋两茬不同灌溉水下,添加蚯蚓粪和生物炭可显著提高基质持水孔隙度和含水量,且添加生物炭增加容重、降低通气孔隙度。相同基质下,不同灌溉水对基质全氮、全磷、pH无显著影响;微咸水相对淡水灌溉,夏秋茬显著降低了S_(b)和SE_(b)基质有机质含量,两茬均增加其有效磷和速效钾含量,淡水灌溉下,添加蚯蚓粪和生物炭不同程度增加了基质速效养分含量,SBE_(f)降低了有机质含量、EC,增加了pH。相同基质下,不同灌溉水对基质微量元素无显著影响,但对大量元素有显著影响,冬春茬,微咸水相对淡水灌溉下SB_(b)和SBE_(b)显著增加了基质磷和钾含量,且SBE_(f)显著增加了钙含量,添加蚯蚓粪显著增加了基质磷含量,降低钾含量,SBE处理降低钙和钾含量,增加磷含量。夏秋茬,微咸水灌溉降低了SE_(b)和SB_(b)处理的钙含量,且降低SBE_(b)处理磷含量、SB_(b)处理钾含量。通过主成分分析表明,冬春和夏秋两茬不同灌溉水下显著影响了基质养分含量,两茬试验均表明,微咸水灌溉显著增加基质速效养分,SBE_(b)显著降低基质EC,增加pH。The purpose was to explore the effects of corn straw as the main component of the substrate on substrate nutrients under brackish and fresh water irrigation.In this experiment,maize straw(S),straw+biochar(SB),straw+earthworm compost(SE)and straw+biochar+earthworm compost(SBE)were set up as four treatments,and brackish water(b)and fresh water(f)were used for irrigation,with a total of eight treatments.The experiment was carried out using two cultivation stubbles.The results showed that substrate aeration porosity and bulk density in winter-spring stubble were higher than those in summer-autumn stubble.Compared with fresh water irrigation,brackish water increased substrate bulk density.Under different irrigation conditions,SBE significantly increased the water-holding porosity and water content of substrate for both stubbles,while SB increased the bulk density and reduced the ventilation porosity.Under the same substrate condition,different irrigation water had no significant effects on the substrate total nitrogen,total phosphorus and pH.Compared with fresh water irrigation,the organic matter contents of S_(b) and SE_(b) substrate were significantly decreased in summer-autumn stubble under brackish water irrigation,and the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were all increased in both stubbles under brackish water irrigation.Under fresh water irrigation,earthworm manure and biochar increased the available nutrient contents of substrate in different degrees,while SBE_(f) decreased organic matter and EC,and increased pH.Same substrate and different irrigation had no significant effect on substrate trace elements.SB_(b) and SBE_(b) significantly increased phosphorus and potassium contents of substrate in winter-spring stubble,and SBE_(f) significantly increased the content of calcium.The SE increased significantly substrate phosphorus content,reduced the content of potassium,while SBE reduced the calcium and potassium contents,but increase phosphorus content.In summer-autumn stubble,brackish wate

关 键 词：复合基质 微咸水 生物炭 蚯蚓粪 基质养分 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]