岩溶生态系统中的植物  

Karst ecosystem and its plants

作　　者：曹建华[1,2] 袁道先[1,2] 杨慧[1,2] 黄芬[1,2] 朱同彬[1,2] 梁建宏 周孟霞[1,2] 罗劬侃 吴夏[1,2] CAO Jianhua;YUAN Daoxian;YANG Hui;HUANG Fen;ZHU Tongbin;LIANG Jianhong;ZHOU Mengxia;LUO Qukan;WU Xia(Institute ofKarst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory ofKarst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [2]联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2022年第3期365-377,共13页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035004);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD20297090,桂科AD19245176,桂科AD21196001);桂林市科技计划项目(2020010403)。

摘　　要：岩溶生态系统是受岩溶环境制约的生态系统,是脆弱的生态系统,缺水、少土、富钙是岩溶生态系统无机环境的基本特征,植物与岩溶环境长期的相互作用,演化出独特的岩溶植物。岩溶植物具有喜钙性、石生性、旱生性,其多样性表现为少属科、寡种属和特有种,更有岩溶生态系统中特有的洞穴弱光带、天坑植物群落。植物是生态系统的生产者,肩负着生态系统的生产力、生态服务功能的重任,退化岩溶生态系统的修复,需要根据中国岩溶生态系统发育特色,探索发展具有仿自然特色的生态产业,走出岩溶区“绿水青山就是金山银山”的道路,完善中国岩溶生态系统理论。Karst ecosystem is a vulnerable ecosystem constrained by a karst environment that is characterized as being rich in calcium,short of soil resources and insufficient for water resources(less surface water and rich groundwater water).Compared with silicate rocks,carbonate rocks are soluble,rich in calcium and magnesium,but lacking silicon,iron and aluminum.Carbonate rocks averagely contain 27.30%-54.33%of CaO,0.49%-19.66%of MgO,and 0.41%-10.53%of insoluble matter.Thus,the vulnerability of karst ecosystem is ascribed to these geological properties.With the long-term interaction between plants and karst environment,surviving plants finally evolve into unique karst plants,featuring xerophyte,calciphilia and chomophyte.CALCIPHILIA of karst plants is demonstrated by Calciphile plants only growing on substrates rich in calcium carbonate and limestone soils,and Calcicole plants growing very well in Calcareous soil,but worse in acidic soil.Tolerance,exclusion and blocking mainly contribute the adaptation of karst plants to rich calcium environment.As relatively high free carboxyl existing in the intercellular space of plants,tolerance has high cation exchange capacity.Karst plants can accommodate a high content of calcium.There are two approaches in terms of exclusion.One is to improve the calcium protease activity,such as the cytoplasm membrane Ca^(2+)-ATPase(ATPase)activity.Exclusion can transport calcium from cytoplasm out of the cell,and then store calcuim in the cell-wall.By another approach,excess calcium is ejected out of the cell through calcium channels,calcium secretion glands and even stoma.Blocking refers to a phenomenon that karst plants immobilize excess calcium around the rhizosphere to form calcified roots and restrict the transport of excess calcium to the living bodies mentioned above.CHOMOPHYE of karst plants means there exists much more underground biomass in karst ecosystem.Results of underground biomass investigation of karst vegetation in Maolan Nature Reserve show that biomass of karst vegetation is

关 键 词：岩溶植物 喜钙性 石生性 旱生性 多样性 生态产业 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]