杂交鲟(达氏鳇♀×施氏鲟♂)和施氏鲟的人工繁殖及其胚胎发育比较  

Artificial reproduction and embryonic development of hybrid sturgeon(Huso dauricus♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂)and Amur sturgeon A.schrenckii

作　　者：肖鑫鑫 骆小年 符先飞 姜旭 段友健 李姣 刘英林 XIAO Xinxin;LUO Xiaonian;FU Xianfei;JIANG Xu;DUAN Youjian;LI Jiao;LIU Yinglin(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian Qishui Fisheries Development Limited Company,Dalian 116211,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连七水渔业发展有限公司,辽宁大连116211

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2022年第5期764-774,共11页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：辽宁省首批“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目“高效稻渔模式创建与提质增效关键技术研究”;辽宁省“百千万人才工程”项目(793018201);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(QL201704);大连市科技创新基金项目(2018J12SN068)。

摘　　要：为研究杂交鲟(达氏鳇Huso dauricus♀×施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii♂)和施氏鲟的繁殖特性,于2021年3—5月,采用注射外源激素(促黄体素释放激素类似物2号LHRH-A_(2)+地欧酮DOM)、剖腹取卵和人工授精的方法,人工催产了5批10组杂交鲟和1批2组施氏鲟A.schrenckii,并通过显微观察比较了两种鲟胚胎发育的异同。结果表明:人工繁殖获杂交鲟卵379万粒,平均受精率为82.9%,平均孵化率为70.44%,获仔鱼217.6万尾,获施氏鲟卵87万粒,平均受精率为82.2%,平均孵化率为63.20%,获仔鱼54.2万尾;水温为16~17℃时,杂交鲟经123~155 h孵化出膜,总积温需2102~2445℃·h,相同条件下,施氏鲟经116~138 h孵化出膜,总积温需1856~2108℃·h;根据胚胎发育的形态特点,杂交鲟的胚胎发育可分为9个阶段32个时期,而施氏鲟胚胎发育可分为9个阶段28个时期;杂交鲟和施氏鲟胚胎发育有相似之处,受精卵均为沉黏性卵,胚胎发育时序相似,卵裂方式均为辐射卵裂;杂交鲟和施氏鲟的典型区别是胚胎发育至心脏形成搏动期时,杂交鲟的心管呈“C”型,而施氏鲟的心管则呈“S”型,二者的差异还表现在心脏开始规律搏动时,前者胚胎尾末端已接近心脏,而后者还未接近心脏,出膜期杂交鲟仔鱼的尾末端超过头部,而施氏鲟刚达到或略超过头部。研究表明,杂交鲟可获得较高的繁殖效率,受精率最高达97.8%,孵化率最高达89.8%,杂交鲟的胚胎发育与母本达氏鳇更相似,并呈现出偏母遗传特征。In order to explored the reproductive biology of hybrid sturgeon(Huso dauricus♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂),5 batches(10 pairs)of hybrid sturgeon and 1 batch(2 pairs)Amur sturgeon(A.schrenckii)were induced to spawn by hormone injection,caesarean section,and artificial insemination methods from March to May in 2021.The results showed that 3.79 million fertilized eggs of the hybrid sturgeon were obtained,with average fertilization rate of 82.9%,the average hatching rate of 70.44%,and 2.176 million larvae.In the Amur sturgeon,0.87 million fertilized eggs were obtained,with the average fertilization rate of 82.2%,the average hatching rate of 63.20%,and 0.542 million larvae.At water temperature of 16 to 17℃,the 123 to 155 h were took from fertilization to hatching,with total accumulative temperature of 2102 to 2445℃·h in the hybrid sturgeon,and 116 to 138 h were took from fertilization to hatching,with total accumulative temperature of 1856 to 2108℃·h in the Amur sturgeon.The demersal adhesive fertillized eggs of hybrid sturgeon and Amur sturgeon had similar embryo development sequence,with radiation cleavage.The embryonic development of hybrid sturgeon was morphologically divided into 9 continuous stages including 32 substages,and the embryonic development of Amur sturgeon was divided into 9 continuous stages and 28 substages.The typical differences included as the following:“C”-shaped heart in heart beating stage in hybrid sturgeon,but with“S”-shaped heart in the Amur sturgeon.Besides,the end of the embryotail was close to the heart of the hybrid sturgeon when the heart begins to beat regularly,while the Amur sturgeon was not yet.When hatching,the tail tip of the hybrid sturgeon larvae was over the head,while the sturgeon just reached or slightly over the head.In this experiment,hybrid sturgeon had higher reproductive efficiency(the maximal fertilization rate of 97.8%,and the maximal hatching rate of 89.8%).Embryonic development of hybrid sturgeon was more similar to that of Huso dauricus,the hybrid

关 键 词：杂交鲟 达氏鳇 施氏鲟 人工繁殖 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：S961.2[农业科学—水产养殖]