盐度对橄榄蛏蚌幼蚌存活、呼吸与摄食代谢及能量收支的影响  

Effects of salinity on survival,respiration,feeding metabolism and energy budget of juvenile freshwater mussel Solenaia oleivira

作　　者：吕国华 张婷 姚静婷 丁图强 徐东坡[1,2] 占明飞 顾若波[1,2] 徐跑[1,2] 马学艳[1,2] 金武[1,2] 东新旭 闻海波[1,2] Lü Guohua;ZHANG Ting;YAO Jingting;DING Tuqiang;XU Dongpo;ZHAN Mingfei;GU Ruobo;XU Pao;MA Xueyan;JIN Wu;DONG Xinxu;WEN Haibo(Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Sino-US Cooperative Laboratory for Germplasm Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Mollusks,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Fishery Development Center of Fuyang City,Fuyang 236001,China;Anhui Shuiyun Environmental Protection Company Limited,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心农业农村部淡水鱼类遗传育种与养殖生物学重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心中美淡水贝类种质资源保护及利用国际联合实验室,江苏无锡214081 [3]阜阳市水产发展中心,安徽阜阳236001 [4]安徽水韵环保股份有限公司,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2022年第5期802-808,共7页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院长江特色水生动物繁养创新团队项目(2020TD62);中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心中央基本业务费(2021JBFM07);江苏省农业自主创新资金项目(CX(18)3026);阜阳市科技重大专项(2018053126);阜阳市水产管理局国家级水产种质保护区代表物种繁育及增殖放流项目(XTYZB2020-145)。

摘　　要：为了探究在滨海NaCl型盐碱地或滩涂养殖橄榄蛏蚌Solenaia oleivira幼蚌的可能性,采用等对数间距法进行了幼蚌(湿体质量为2.63 g±0.47 g)在淡水(0.20)和高盐度(2.00、3.31、3.70、4.24、4.92、5.82、7.00)急性胁迫下的存活试验,选择96 h半致死盐度(LC_(50))的50%作为可驯化盐度,采用室内静水法测定了该盐度下幼蚌的耗氧率、排氨率、摄食率和排粪率等,并建立能量收支方程。结果表明:盐度为2.00时,幼蚌在72 h时开始出现死亡,盐度为7.00时,幼蚌在48 h内全部死亡,96 h LC_(50)为4.47;选择可驯化盐度为2.23,与淡水组相比,在高盐度(2.23)应激下,幼蚌的耗氧率、排氨率、摄食率、滤水率和排粪率显著升高(P<0.05),而吸收效率略有降低(P>0.05);在高盐度(2.23)应激下,幼蚌用于呼吸代谢和摄食代谢的能量明显增加,呼吸能(R)、排泄能(U)和排粪能(F)占摄食能(C)比例增大,而生长能(P)占摄食能比例明显下降,淡水状态和高盐度(2.23)应激下的能量收支方程分别为100 C=57.22R+9.49U+9.05F+24.23P和100C=62.55R+13.99U+12.05F+11.41P。研究表明,橄榄蛏蚌幼蚌对钠盐耐受性较差,高盐度对橄榄蛏蚌呼吸代谢和摄食代谢均有显著影响,养殖幼蚌的滨海NaCl型盐碱地或滩涂水域盐度应小于2.23。In order to explore possibility of freshwater mussel Solenaia oleivira culture in coastal NaCl saline alkali land or tidal flat,the survival test was carried in the freshwater mussel juveniles with wet body weight of(2.63 g±0.47 g)exposed to acute stress of fresh water(0.20)and high salinity of 2.00,3.31,3.70,4.24,4.92,5.82,and 7.00 using the equal log interval method and 50%of the 96 h half lethal salinity(LC_(50))as the tolerant salinity.The oxygen consumption rate,ammonia excretion rate,food intake rate and fecal excretion rate were measured in freshwater mussel exposed to these salinities by the indoor hydrostatic method,and then the energy budget equation was established at water temperature of(22±1)℃.The results showed that the dead mussel was observed at salinity of 2.00 at 72 h,and at salinity of 7.00 within 48 h,with LC_(50) of 4.47 at 96 h.There were significantly higher oxygen consumption rate,ammonia excretion rate,food intake rate,water filtration rate and fecal excretion rate(P<0.05),with the decreased slightly lower absorption efficiency(P>0.05),in the juveniles at stress of high salinity(2.23)than those in the freshwater mussel in the fresh water group(P<0.05).Under high salinity(2.23)stress,the freshwater mussel had significantly higher energy used for respiratory metabolism and feeding metabolism,with increase in the proportion of respiratory energy(R),excretory energy(U)and fecal energy(F)in feeding energy(C),and significant decrease in the proportion of growth energy(P)in feeding energy.The energy budget equation was described as 100C=57.22R+9.49U+9.05F+24.23P under fresh water and 100C=62.55R+13.99U+12.05F+11.41P at high salinity(2.23)stress.The finding indicates that the juvenile firewater mussel S.oleivira has a poor tolerance to sodium salt which shows a significant impact on the respiratory metabolism and food metabolism of the mussel.The coastal NaCl type water is within saline alkali land or tidal flat water where the juvenile freshwater mussel culture should be at a salinity of les

关 键 词：橄榄蛏蚌 盐度 耗氧率 摄食率 能量收支 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖]