“21·7”河南特大暴雨气象和水文雨量观测对比  

Comparative Analysis on Meteorological and Hydrological Rain Gauge Observations of the Extreme Heavy Rainfall Event in Henan Province During July 2021

作　　者：宝兴华 夏茹娣[1,2] 罗亚丽 徐祥德[1] Bao Xinghua;Xia Rudi;Luo Yali;Xu Xiangde(State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2022年第6期668-681,共14页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42030610);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J014)。

摘　　要：2021年“21·7”河南特大暴雨打破我国大陆小时气象观测纪录,该极端天气事件位列2021年中国十大天气气候事件第2位。已有研究使用气象地面站雨量观测资料对此次过程进行雨情分析和极值统计,但降水时空分布不均匀,单一来源资料存在不确定性。通过对比气象站和水文站雨量资料,分析两套业务观测系统记录“21·7”河南特大暴雨过程的异同,发现气象站和水文站雨量在时间和空间分布上具有很好的一致性,两者不同等级的累积降雨落区、逐日和逐时降雨演变趋势均一致性强,但累积雨量和雨强极值的空间分布和数值存在差异,两套资料在暴雨中心(过程雨量大于600 mm)的系统性偏差小于1%。气象站和水文站的融合资料呈现比单一资料更细致的降雨分布、更全面的演变特征。此外,基于融合资料发现累积雨量排名前3位的城市(郑州、鹤壁、新乡)均具有累积雨量大、小时雨强极强、强降雨集中、雨强突然增长的特征,鹤壁和新乡最强降雨时段分别比郑州晚26 h和28 h。The extreme heavy rainfall event in Henan Province during 17-23 July 2021 with 1-hour rainfall intensity breaking historical record in the inland of China,ranks second among the top 10 weather and climate events in China in 2021.Previous studies have investigated the rain gauge observations collected by the meteorological ground stations to analyze the rainfall situation and count the extreme value of the"21·7" process.Considering the rainfall is uneven in space and time,the observations from a single source has great uncertainty which may miss the actual rainfall extreme value.By comparing the rainfall observations between meteorological and hydrological rain gauge stations,the objectivity and accuracy of the rainfall records from two business systems are analyzed for the"21·7"extreme heavy rainfall event.It is found that the observations exhibit good agreement in the accumulated rainfall distributions of various levels,and the temporal evolution of daily and hourly rainfall.However,the positions and values of accumulated rainfall and hourly rainfall intensity extremum are different in detail according to these two systems.The systematic deviation between the meteorological and hydrological observations is less than 1%in the heavy rainfall area(6-day accumulated rainfall more than 600 mm).These differences are related to the distinctness in the number,location,density of stations,and the accuracy of observation instruments.In addition,the inhomogeneous features of the rainfall in time and space also lead to the deviation of rainfall records between meteorological and hydrological observations.On the other hand,the meteorological and hydrological rainfall data in top 3 accumulated rainfall cities(Zhengzhou,Hebi and Xinxiang)are merged.The results show that merged rainfall data can present more detailed rainfall distributions and more objective rainfall evolution characteristics compared to single source data.Based on the merged rainfall data,the rainfall features in these three cities are summarized.The stronge

关 键 词：“21·7”河南特大暴雨 气象站和水文站观测对比 暴雨特征 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P332[天文地球—水文科学]