1972年美国《社会保障法》修正案的历史考察  

The Historical Review of the 1972 US Social Security Amendments

作　　者：刘威[1] LIU Wei(History and Politics School,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学历史与政治学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《长春师范大学学报》2022年第11期73-78,共6页Journal of Changchun Normal University

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划项目“二战后美国联邦老龄政策变迁研究”(17GZYB26)。

摘　　要：1972年《社会保障法》修正案的颁布,标志着美国自1935年以来的扩张性社会保障政策发展到了顶峰。在尼克松政府试图削减联邦开支的背景下,这项具有强烈扩张主义色彩的修正案能够出台,有三个主要因素:立法者对于未来经济前景的高度乐观;老年贫困问题的严峻;老年利益集团颇具成效的游说活动。该修正案的制定和实施不仅缓解了老年贫困问题,还建立起生活费用自动调整机制和补充收入保障制度,但同时也产生了社会保障基金收不抵支、公平缺失等负面效应。The enactment of the 1972 Social Security Amendments marked the tipping point of expansionary social security policies in America since 1935.There were three factors that led to the enactment of the expansionary amendments when the Nixon administration was attempting to reduce federal government spending:highly optimistic assumptions of legislators for future economic prospects,severe poverty of the elderly,the aging-based organizations’highly effective lobbying.The enactment and implementation of the amendments not only relieved the poverty of the elderly,but also established two far-reaching systems:Cost-of-Living Adjustment and Supplemental Security Income.However,it also caused some negative effects such as more expenditures than income of social security of social security fund and the lack of social justice.

关 键 词：美国 社会保障 老年贫困 生活费用自动调整机制 补充收入保障制度 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]