长牡蛎北部湾和莱州湾室内人工育苗及养成比较研究  

Comparison of Artificial Breeding and Farming of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas in Beibu Gulf and Laizhou Bay

作　　者：褚洪永 张岚 赵强 陈相堂 王晓飞 张建柏 CHU Hongyong;ZHANG Lan;ZHAO Qiang;CHEN Xiangtang;WANG Xiaofei;ZHANG Jianbai(Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute,Yantai 264000,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市海洋经济研究院,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《水产科学》2022年第6期967-975,共9页Fisheries Science

摘　　要：分别在广西北部湾和山东莱州湾开展长牡蛎的室内人工育苗,比较同批次亲贝在两地开展人工育苗的效果以及在南方和北方养殖的效果。长牡蛎的人工育苗于2018年3—9月北部湾和莱州湾同时开展,经过中间培育后,苗种进行了南北两地的养成比较,养成周期为2018年10月—2019年12月。长牡蛎人工育苗结果显示:莱州湾和北部湾两地长牡蛎的雌、雄配子受精率分别为(95.62±2.09)%、(94.07±0.65)%(P>0.05),幼虫孵化率分别为(88.83±1.40)%、(91.69±2.49)%(P>0.05),变态率分别为(18.95±2.36)%、(11.65±2.45)%(P<0.05),表明在北部湾海域利用自然海水开展长牡蛎人工育苗效果尚可,但整体育苗效率低于莱州湾海域;长牡蛎稚贝中间培育至90日龄时,在北部湾的生长速度显著快于在莱州湾的生长速度(P<0.05),而长牡蛎稚贝在莱州湾的死亡率则显著低于在北部湾的死亡率(P<0.05)。长牡蛎在南北两地的养成比较试验结果显示,在北部湾养殖场进行海上养成的北部湾苗种和莱州湾苗种均有极高的死亡率,而在黄海养殖场的养成效果良好,且两种苗种生长差异不显著(P>0.05),这说明长牡蛎“南苗北养”模式有一定可行性。利用我国南方海域水温回升早、平均水温较高的特点开展长牡蛎的人工育苗,再将苗种转移到北方地区进行养殖,有助于降低长牡蛎苗种生产成本,从而提高长牡蛎的养成效益。In this study,the artificial breeding of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was carried out in Beibu Gulf,Guangxi,and Laizhou Bay,Shandong,respectively,and the hatchery performance of the same batch of broodstock were compared in both sites,as well as the grow-out traits of their offsprings.The artificial breeding of Pacific oyster was carried out simultaneously in Beibu Gulf and Laizhou Bay from March to September 2018,and the oyster grow-out research was deployed from October 2018 to December 2019.It was found that the fertilization rates were(95.62±2.09)%and(94.07±0.65)%(P>0.05),the hatching rates(88.83±1.40)%and(91.69±2.49)%(P>0.05),and the metamorphosis rates(18.95±2.36)%and(11.65±2.45)%(P<0.05)in Laizhou Bay and Beibu Gulf,respectively,indicating that the performance of artificial breeding of Pacific oyster in Beibu Gulf by using natural seawater,with the lower efficiency of breeding in Beibu Gull than that in Laizhou Bay.The growth rate of Pacific oyster larvae was significantly higher in Beibu Gulf than that in Laizhou Bay(P<0.05),while the mortality rate in Laizhou Bay was significantly lower than that in Beibu Gulf(P<0.05).The grow-out experiment showed that both two kinds of seeds had high mortality during cultivation in Beibu Gulf,that grow-out well in the Yellow Sea farms(P>0.05),indicating that the transplanting of Pacific oyster in the north and south China is viable.To take the advantage of the higher water temperature in south China carrying out artificial breeding of Pacific oyster,and transplanting them in north China,could help reduce the cost of Pacific oyster breeding and improve the profit of Pacific oyster farming.

关 键 词：长牡蛎 人工育苗 南苗北养 环境差异 

分 类 号：S944.3[农业科学—水产养殖]