论处分限制与宅基地三权分置  

The Restriction on Disposal and Three Rights Separation of Homestead

作　　者：陈吉栋 CHEN Jidong

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第10期84-95,共12页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部青年课题“‘习惯入典’的理论与实践研究”(19YJC820003);国家社会科学基金一般项目“宅基地资格权入法后三权分置权利构造法理研究”(21BFX193)。

摘　　要：二元土地所有模式对宅基地(使用权)的处分限制是宅基地流转困境的根本原因。被限制之处分(权)是指法律上的处分(权),该处分(权)为财产权利的当然内容,并非所有权的权能。所有权处分权能主要指事实处分。宅基地的处分限制属于权利限制中处分自由的限制。三权分置本质上是承认宅基地使用权之处分(权)的制度设计,其理论基础在于母子权利结构及作为其基础的所有权弹力性理论的扩大适用,突破处分限制存在解释论与立法论两种方案。既有三权分置之框架需要重构,“资格权”为用益物权,而非集体成员权后置固化为权利内容;“使用权”仅是资格权部分权能的处分,是资格权的次级用益物权。The restriction on disposal of use right of homestead under the dual land ownership model is the root cause of the dilemma of homestead transfer.The restricted disposal is a legal disposition(right),which is a natural content of property rights,not the power of ownership.The disposition power of ownership refers only to factual disposition.The disposition restriction of the homestead is the restriction on the freedom of disposition within the restriction of rights.In essence,three rights separation is the institutional design of the disposition(right)of the right to use the homestead.The theoretical basis lies in the extended application of the mother-child structure of rights and the elasticity of ownership theory on which it is based,and there are both interpretive and legislative options for breaking the restriction on disposal.The framework of the existing separation of rights needs to be reconstructed.The“qualification right”is a usufructuary right,rather than collective membership rights,which are later solidified into the content of rights.The“right of use”is only a partial disposition of the qualification right,and is a secondary usufruct of the right of qualification.

关 键 词：宅基地三权分置 处分限制 二元土地所有模式 权利限制 母子权利结构 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]