基于冰山理论的护理干预用于支气管哮喘患者的临床观察  

Clinical observation of nursing intervention based on iceberg theory in patients with bronchial asthma

作　　者：姚洁林 孙雪洁 张玉玲[1] 王慧如 韩杰[1] 刘淑珍[1] 张明强[1] 赵文静 YAO Jielin;SUN Xuejie;ZHANG Yuling;WANG Huiru;HAN Jie;LIU Shuzhen;ZHANG Mingqiang;ZHAO Wenjing(Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Affi liated to Tsinghua University,Beijing,102218,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院呼吸与危重症医学科,北京市102218

出　　处：《护理实践与研究》2022年第22期3317-3321,共5页Nursing Practice and Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:81900021)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨基于冰山理论的护理干预对支气管哮喘患者健康行为、自我效能及自护能力的影响。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年1月医院收治的支气管哮喘患者137例为研究对象,按照组间基本资料具有可比性的原则分为对照组66例和观察组71例。对照组采用传统护理,观察组在对照组基础上予以基于冰山理论的护理干预。观察并比较两组患者的健康行为、自我效能及自护能力。结果 干预后,观察组患者各项健康行为得分均高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者干预前、干预5 d后、干预10 d后、干预20 d后自我效能评分组间、时间、组间与不同时间点交互比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者自护能力各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 对支气管哮喘患者实施基于冰山理论的护理干预,可有效提升其对运动、营养和自我实现方面的健康行为,提高自我效能与自护能力,对提高预后生活质量具有积极促进作用。Objective To explore the ef fect of nursing intervention based on iceberg theory on health behavior, self-e ffi cacy and self-care ability of patients with bronchial asthma. Methods To select 137 patients with bronchial asthma admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the study objects. According to the principle of comparability of basic data between groups, they were divided into control group(66 cases) and observation group(71 cases). The control group received traditional nursing, while the observation group received nursing intervention based on iceberg theory on the basis of the control group. The health behavior, self-e ffi cacy and self-care ability of the two groups were observed and compared. Results After intervention, the health behavior scores of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). There were statistically signifi cant dif ferences in self-e ffi cacy scores between groups, time,interaction between groups and at dif ferent time points, when they were between the two groups before intervention, 5 days after intervention, 10 days after intervention, and 20 days after intervention(P<0.05). The each dimension scores of selfcare ability in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of nursing intervention based on iceberg theory for patients with bronchial asthma can effectively improve their healthy behaviors in sports, nutrition and self realization, improve their self-e ffi cacy and self-care ability, and have a positive role in promoting the quality of life after prognosis.

关 键 词：支气管哮喘 冰山理论 自我效能 自护能力 健康行为 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]