定向凝固TiAl合金成分−组织−性能研究进展  

Research Progress in Composition,Microstructure and Properties of Directionally Solidified TiAl Alloys

作　　者：刘涵 黄宏 宗骁 张富强 梁永锋[3] 南海 林均品[3] 丁贤飞 LIU Han;HUANG Hong;ZONG Xiao;ZHANG Fu-qiang;LIANG Yong-feng;NAN Hai;LIN Jun-pin;DING Xian-fei(AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Material,Beijing 100095,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Titanium Alloy Precision Forming Technology,Beijing 100095,China;State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京100095 [2]北京市先进钛合金精密成型工程技术研究中心,北京100095 [3]北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2022年第11期184-198,共15页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(2222092);国家科技重大专项(J2019-VI-0003-0116);中国航发自主创新专项资金(CXPT-2020-007)。

摘　　要：TiAl合金由于其低密度和高比强度,在航空材料中展现出良好的应用前景。通过定向凝固控制TiAl合金晶体取向,有助于大幅提升合金高温性能和服役温度,促进TiAl合金在新一代航空发动机上的应用。综述了近年来TiAl合金定向凝固的研究方法和成分−组织−性能关系的研究进展,总结了国内外定向凝固TiAl合金的主要研究单位及研究主题,简要介绍了定向凝固方法与模壳材料的应用情况。从合金成分角度,分析并总结了α、β相稳定元素和其他常见元素对定向凝固组织和性能的作用;从力学性能角度,介绍了定向凝固高Nb−TiAl合金在高温拉伸、蠕变、高周疲劳性能上的优势及相关机理;从定向凝固工艺角度,归纳了生长速率和温度梯度对合金凝固路径、片层取向及宏观、微观偏析的影响。展望了定向凝固TiAl合金的未来发展方向。TiAl alloys show good prospects in aerospace materials due to their low density and high specific strength.Controlling the crystal orientation of TiAl alloys through directional solidification can greatly improve the high-temperature performance and service temperature of the alloys and promote the application of TiAl alloys in the new-generation aero-engines.This work mainly summarized the research progress of directional solidification methods and the relationship between composition,microstructure and properties of TiAl alloys in recent years,concluded the main research institutions and topics of directionally solidified TiAl alloys at home and abroad,then briefly introduced the application status of the directional solidification method and mould materials.From the perspective of alloy composition,the effects of various alloying elements such asα,βphase stabilizing elements and other common elements on the directional solidification structure and properties were analyzed and summarized;From the perspective of mechanical properties,the advantages of directionally solidified high Nb-TiAl alloys in high temperature tensile,creep and high cycle fatigue properties and related mechanism were introduced;For directional so lidification process,the effects of growth rate and temperature gradient on solidification path,lamellar orientation and macro-and micro-segregation of the alloys were summarized.Finally,the future development of directionally solidified TiAl alloys was prospected.

关 键 词：TIAL合金 定向凝固(DS) 成分设计 凝固参数 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG111.4[金属学及工艺—物理冶金] TG146.23[金属学及工艺—金属学]