关键矿产与能源资源安全  

Critical minerals and energy resources security

作　　者：梅燕雄[1] 裴荣富[1] 魏然[1] 张金良[2] 李静 邹斌 王浩琳[1] MEI Yanxiong;PEI Rongfu;WEI Ran;ZHANG Jinliang;LI Jing;ZOU Bin;WANG Haolin(MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;China Non-Ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037 [2]有色金属矿产地质调查中心,北京100012

出　　处：《中国矿业》2022年第11期1-8,共8页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“全国海陆矿产资源图件编制更新”资助(编号:DD20221696)。

摘　　要：关键矿产是在不同历史时期对经济社会发展具有重大战略意义和关键支撑作用的重要矿产。通过对中国、美国、英国、日本、澳大利亚、巴西和欧盟的关键矿产清单以及相关资源储量、产量、消费量、贸易数据的整理分析,确定钴、钨、铌、钽、稀土、锰、锂、锑、石墨、钒、铂族、铝、镍、铋、锆、铬、钛、铍、铟、锡、钼、镁、铪、镓、锗、萤石、锌、铀、铁、铜、金、磷、钪、硅、铼、煤、钾盐、铷、铯、碲、硒、锶、铊、重晶石、硼、砷、氦、钡、钍、铅、汞、银、镉、金刚石、硫、石油、天然气等57种关键矿产。全球关键矿产以稀有金属、稀散金属、稀土金属、贵金属矿产和黑色金属、有色金属矿产为主体,其生产和消费主要涉及中国、美国、俄罗斯、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本、德国、韩国等42个国家和地区。关键矿产的主要矿床类型为沉积型、热液型及变质型、风化壳型、岩浆型、斑岩型,在空间上主要分布于劳亚成矿域、冈瓦纳成矿域和乌拉尔-蒙古成矿区、非洲-阿拉伯成矿区等。当前,俄乌冲突严重冲击国际能源市场和矿产品市场,欧美国家推行脱钩断链的逆全球化措施使国际能源资源合作与竞争形势复杂化。聚焦关键矿产,加快构建双循环新发展格局,综合考虑地质先行、技术可行、经济合理、环境友好、法律允许、金融支持等多种因素,加强境内外能源和重要矿产资源的绿色勘查、高效开发、严格保护、合理利用和规划管控,是维护我国能源资源安全、推动矿业高质量发展的重要战略措施。Critical minerals are the important resources in different historical periods,which had a great strategic significance and key supporting effect in economic and social development.After analyzing the critical minerals list and the relevant data,such as resource reserves,productions,consumptions and trades from China,America,Britain,Japan,Australia,Brazil and European Union,determines 57 species of critical minerals,including cobalt,wolfram,niobium,tantalum,rare earth,manganese,lithium,stibium,graphite,vanadium,platinum family,aluminum,nickel,bismuth,zirconium,chromium,titanium,berylium,indium,tin,molybdenum,magnesium,hafnium,galium,germanium,fluorite,zinc,uranium,iron,copper,gold,phosphorus,scandium,silicon,rhenium,coal,potassium salt,rubidium,cesium,tellurium,selenium,strontium,thallium,barite,boron,arsenic,helium,barium,thotium,lead,mercury,silver,cadmium,diamond,sulfur,petroleum,natural gas.The critical minerals in the world are mainly included rare metals,scattered metals,rare earth metals,precious metals,ferrous and non-ferrous metals.Their production and consumption are mainly distributed in 42 countries and regions,including China,the United States,Russia,Canada,Australia,Japan,Germany,South Korea.The main deposit types of critical minerals are sedimentary,hydrothermal,metamorphic,weathering crust,magmatic and porphyry type,which are mainly distributed in the metallogenic domains of Lauria,Gondwana and metallogenic areas of Ural-Mongolia,Africa-Arabia.At present,the Russia-Ukaine conflict has seriously impacted the international energy and mineral products market.The anti-globalization measures of decoupling and chain breaking carried out by European and American countries have complicated the situation of international energy,resources cooperation and competition.We will focus on critical minerals,accelerate the building of a new dual-cycle development pattern,and take into account various factors,such as geological priority,technological feasibility,economic reasonability,environmental friendliness,legal

关 键 词：关键矿产 能源资源安全 矿产资源 矿业 

分 类 号：F416.1[经济管理—产业经济] F407.1