跳台滑雪着陆阶段生物力学研究进展  

A Review of Biomechanics of Landing Stage in Ski Jumping

作　　者：王聪 李媛 张晁赫 王栋梁 WANG Cong;LI Yuan;ZHANG Chaohe;WANG Dongliang(Hebei Institute of Sports Science,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省体育科学研究所,河北石家庄050011

出　　处：《北华大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期687-693,共7页Journal of Beihua University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFF0304600,2020YFF0304605);河北省卫健委医学科学研究项目(20210733);河北省体育局科技研究重点项目(20221014).

摘　　要：跳台滑雪项目的执行动作分为助滑、起跳、飞行和着陆4个阶段,其中,着陆阶段的准备及落地技术不仅对跳台滑雪运动员的最终姿态得分起着决定性作用,而且关系到运动员的身体安全.从生物力学角度综述着陆准备及落地冲击过程中的运动学、动力学、肌电活动、空气动力学研究进展.结果显示:通过推迟着陆准备开始时间、保持较大攻角、扩大滑雪板与着陆区域之间的角度并向后旋转刹车、增加滑雪板弹性、预激活腓肠肌和臀大肌、采用脚尖着陆等可以在增加跳跃距离的同时降低损伤风险.The execution of ski jumping is divided into four phases:in-run,take-off,early flight and landing.The preparation and landing technique of the landing stage not only play a decisive role in the final posture score of the ski jumpers,but also relate to their physical safety.This article discussed the biomechanics of landing preparation and landing impact,in terms of kinematics,kinetics,muscle activity and aerodynamics.The results showed that increasing the jump distance and reducing the risk of injury can be done by delaying landing preparation start time,maintaining a large angle of attack,extending the angle between the ski and the landing area and rotating the brakes backward,increasing the elasticity of skis,preactivating gastrocnemius and gluteus muscles,landing on your toes and so on.

关 键 词：跳台滑雪 着陆 生物力学 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程] G863.12[医药卫生—基础医学]