福建泉州湾近岸海域沉积物重金属来源分析与生态风险评价  

Sources and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments of offshore area in Quanzhou Bay,Fujian Province

作　　者：曹胜伟[1,2] 刘春雷 李亚松[1,2] 李静[3] 郝奇琛 高婕[4] 董岩[1] 陆晨明 CAO Shengwei;LIU Chunlei;LI Yasong;LI Jing;HAO Qichen;GAO Jie;DONG Yan;LU Chenming(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,Hebei,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes,Xiamen 361021,Fujian,China;School of Environment Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,Hubei,China;Fujian Institute of Geological Survey,Fuzhou 350013,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]福建省水循环与生态地质过程重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [3]中国地质大学环境学院,湖北武汉430078 [4]福建省地质调查研究院,福建福州350013

出　　处：《中国地质》2022年第5期1481-1496,共16页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20190303);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(SK202114)联合资助。

摘　　要：【研究目的】受重金属含量影响,泉州湾表层沉积物环境质量面临巨大生态风险,然而重金属含量影响因素及潜在来源研究相对薄弱。【研究方法】通过采集泉州湾近岸海域表层沉积物样品,以元素含量及粒度分析归纳出重金属分布特征、富集程度为基础,使用Hakanson生态风险指数法识别湾内沉积物潜在生态风险程度,并进一步通过正定矩阵因子分解法及主成分分析,定量分析不同重金属主要来源。【研究结果】在晋江与洛阳江交汇处出现沉积物粒度低值区,易于重金属富集,表层沉积物重金属富集程度为Hg>As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni。湾内沉积物整体处于中度生态风险状态,Cd对生态风险贡献程度最高(37.90%),其次为Hg(29.38%)。Cr与Ni主要源于母岩风化,Cu与Zn、Pb受母岩风化影响及矿山冶炼的共同影响,Cd与As分别主要源自近岸污水排放与燃料燃烧,而Hg的来源较为复杂。研究区表层重金属主要来源依次为矿山冶炼、母岩风化、污水排放以及燃料燃烧,贡献率依次为33.95%,31.16%,22.26%与12.21%。【结论】陆域物质随地表径流的输送对泉州湾表层沉积物生态环境质量造成了巨大风险,未来需要特别加强对不同介质中Hg的归趋及环境行为研究。This paper is the result of marine and environmental geological survey engineering.[Objective]The environmental quality of surface sediments in Quanzhou Bay faces great ecological risks caused by heavy metals,but the researches focused on the influencing factors and potential sources were relatively weak.[Methods]By collecting surface sediment samples in offshore area of Quanzhou Bay,the distribution characteristics and enrichment degree of heavy metals were summarized based on element and grain size analysis,and the potential ecological risk was assessed using Hakanson method in study area.Positive definite matrix factor analysis(PMF)and principal component analysis(PCA)were further used to apportion the sources of heavy metals contamination.[Results]Grain size of surface sediments was low at the converging area of Jin river and Luoyang river,which were prone to enrich heavy metals.The order of surface sediments heavy metals enrichment factors was Hg>As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni.Overall ecological risk of surface sediments in Quanzhou Bay was moderate,and contribution of Cd to potential ecological risk was the highest(37.90%),followed by Hg(29.38%).Cr and Ni were mainly from rock weathering.Besides rock weathering,Cu,Zn and Pb were strongly affected by mining smelting.Cd and As were contributed by sewage disposal and fuel combustion,respectively.However,the sources of Hg were relatively complicated.Main sources of heavy metals in study area were mining smelting,rock weathering,sewage disposal and fuel combustion,and the contribution of them were 33.95%,31.16%,22.26%and 12.21%,respectively.[Conclusions]The transport of land substances with surface water runoff was the main cause for the ecological risk of surface sediments in Quanzhou Bay,and furthermore it is necessary to strength the research on the fate and environmental behavior of Hg in different media in the future.

关 键 词：海水 重金属 源解析 正定矩阵因子 生态风险 地质调查工程 泉州湾 福建 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826