沟垄集雨种植对烤烟生长发育及烟叶品质的影响  

Effects of a ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system on the growth,development and quality of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：陈克玲 王德权[3] 刘洋[3] 王艺 杜玉海[3] 杜传印[3] 马兴华[1] CHEN Ke-ling;WANG De-quan;LIU Yang;WANG Yi;DU Yu-hai;DU Chuan-yin;MA Xing-hua(Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266101,China;Agricultural College of Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Shandong Weifang Tobacco Limited Company,Weifang 261061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛266101 [2]青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛266109 [3]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《草业学报》2022年第11期128-138,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC03);山东潍坊烟草有限公司科技项目“潍坊烟叶集雨耕作技术研究”(2020-29)资助。

摘　　要：通过研究沟垄集雨栽培技术对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响,提出适合山东烟区蓄水保墒的栽培模式。选用当地主栽烤烟品种云烟87和中烟100,通过一年两点大田试验,研究了沟垄集雨栽培对烟田土壤水分含量、烟株农艺性状、叶片光合速率、干物质积累、氮素含量、氮素积累量及烟叶化学成分和感官质量的影响。结果表明,与常规栽培模式相比,沟垄集雨栽培提高了烟田20~60 cm土层的土壤含水量,显著提高了云烟87现蕾期的叶长、叶宽及现蕾和平顶期的单叶面积,使平顶期的光合速率增加了28.5%,显著提高了干物质积累量和叶片中的氮素含量以及氮素积累量,降低了总糖、还原糖含量,提高了总氮和钾含量。沟垄集雨栽培显著提高了中烟100现蕾期的叶长和叶面积,并使平顶期的光合速率增加了14.8%,显著提高了双龙村旺长期的干物质积累量和成熟期的氮素积累量,总植物碱含量较常规栽培降低了12.7%,其他化学成分变化较小。沟垄集雨栽培技术通过对雨水的利用,调节了土壤的水分状况,促进了烤烟的生长发育,改善了两个品种的香气量、余味和杂气,最终提高了烟叶的感官评价质量。沟垄集雨种植是适宜山东丘陵山地烟区的优质高效栽培模式。The effects of a ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system(RFRHS)on the growth,development,and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied to develop a cultivation method for water storage and moisture preservation in the Shandong tobacco cultivation region.Two field experiments were carried out in the same year at different locations using the main local flue-cured tobacco varieties,Yunyan 87 and Zhongyan 100.The soil moisture content,agronomic traits,photosynthetic rate,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen content,nitrogen accumulation,chemical composition,and sensory quality of tobacco leaves were determined.It was found that,in comparison with the conventional cultivation method,the RFRHS increased the soil water content in the 20-60 cm soil layer.This system significantly increased leaf length and leaf width of Yunyan 87 at the budding stage and of leaf area at both budding and flat top crop growth stages.The RFRHS also increased the photosynthetic rate by 28.5% at the flat top growth stage.In addition,the dry matter accumulation,leaf nitrogen content,nitrogen accumulation,total nitrogen and total potassium contents were increased by RFRHS,while the total sugar and reducing sugar contents were decreased when compared with the conventional cultivation method in Yunyan 87.The RFRHS significantly increased the leaf length and leaf area of Zhongyan 100 at the budding stage,increased photosynthetic rate by 14.8% at the flat top stage,increased dry matter accumulation in the vigorous growth stage and nitrogen accumulation in the mature stage.The total alkaloid content in Zhongyan 100 was reduced by 12.7% by RFRHS compared with conventional cultivation but other chemical components were little affected.The RFRHS modified the soil moisture by making full use of rainwater and thus promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,improved the aroma,after-taste and reduced offensive odor,and improved the sensory quality of both varieties.In summary,the ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system is a highly efficient,cro

关 键 词：沟垄集雨 烤烟 生长发育 烟叶品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]