道咸时期西洋史地论述中的“希腊”文明形象演变  

Evolution of the Image of “Xi-La” Civilization in the Discourses of Western History and Geography during Daoguang-Xianfeng Period

作　　者：韦巍[1] Wei Wei

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2022年第6期135-148,281,282,共16页Social Sciences in Guangdong

摘　　要：道咸两朝,“希腊”文明形象经由中西两方合力建构,作为文明观念的初步具象化,早于“文明”概念的引入。明清两代传教士介绍西洋历史、地理所取译名、内容、叙述框架都有巨大变化,既反映古希腊传统在欧洲的地位提升,又体现新生文明观念的影响。魏源、徐继畬等人选择以“希腊”统贯明清知识碎片,勾勒“希腊”作为西方文明源头和枢纽的多重形象,为东亚知识圈接受文明史观打下基础。西人在鸦片战争前宣扬古希腊以证明文明身份,当中西形势逆转后转而强调基督教文明的优越,这种转变使得国人发现西方文明话语的内在矛盾。During Daoguang-Xianfeng Period, the image of“Xi-La(i.e., Hellas)”civilization was formed by the joint efforts of China and the West. As a preliminary idea of civilization, it was earlier than the introduction of the concept of“civilization.”The translated names, contents, and narrative frameworks of Western history and geography used by missionaries in the Ming and Qing dynasties changed greatly, which reflected both the rising of the ancient Greek tradition in Europe and showed the influence of the newly formed idea of civilization. Wei Yuan, Xu Jiyu and others used“Xi-La”to integrate the intellectual fragments of“Graecia/Greece”in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and to generalize the multiple images of“Xi-La”as the source and pivot of Western civilization, which laid the foundation for the intellectual circle in East Asia to accept the civilization history. Before the Opium War, the westerners preached ancient Greece as proof of western civilization. After the reversal of the situation between China and the West, they emphasized the superiority of Christian civilization. This change made the Chinese people discover the inherent contradictions in the discourse of Western civilization.

关 键 词：希腊 文明 传教士 魏源 徐继畬 

分 类 号：K253[历史地理—历史学]