低温和外源水分对中国梨木虱耐寒性和存活率的影响  

Effects of Low Temperature and External Water on Cold Tolerance and Surival Rate of Cacopsylla chinensis

作　　者：赵龙龙[1] 张未仲[1] 胡增丽 刘朝红 ZHAO Longlong;ZHANG Weizhong;HU Zengli;LIU Zhaohong(Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030815,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学果树研究所,山西晋中030815

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第11期1514-1520,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划(201903D211001-1);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2018D2BH4)。

摘　　要：为了解低温及外源水分对中国梨木虱耐寒性及存活率的影响,测定冬型梨木虱不同月份中过冷却点、结冰点变化及有无外源水分条件下的低温存活情况。结果表明:冬型梨木虱月平均过冷却点为-13℃~-20℃、结冰点为-12℃~-15℃,不同月份间过冷却点与结冰点变化明显。低温条件下,冬型梨木虱的死亡率随处理时长的增加而提高。无外源水分条件下-10℃、-15℃、-20℃的低温致死中时分别是159.60 h、37.57 h、6.57 h,-25℃为其存活的下限低温;有外源水分条件下,其低温存活能力明显下降,-10℃、-15℃、-20℃的致死中时分别为5.09 h、0.69 h、0.78 h,低于过冷却点温度为其存活的下限低温。可见:中国梨木虱是一种耐寒能力较高的昆虫,外源水分可明显降低其低温存活能力,基于此,低温来临时可通过喷水防治冬型梨木虱。Pear psylla(Cacopsylla chinensis)is an important pest in the pear production area of China.To understand the cold tolerance of pear psylla and the effect of low temperature and external water on its survival ability,the low-temperature adaptability of winter pear psylla were determined,and the mortality of winter pear psylla at different low temperatures and duration under different water treatments were investigated.The mean supercooling point of winter pear psylla were mainly distributed at-13℃--20℃among different months,the mean freezing point were mainly distributed at-12℃--15℃,both of them varied significantly with the months;under low temperature conditions,the mortality of winter pear psylla increased with the treatment time;the median lethal time of-10℃,-15℃,-20℃were 159.60 h,37.57 h,6.57 h,respectively and-25℃was the minimum low survival temperature without external water treatment;the median lethal time of-10℃,-15℃,-20℃were 5.09 h,0.78 h,and 0.69 h,respectively,the low-temperature survival rate were significantly reduced when treated with external water and temperature below the supercooling point temperature were the minimum low survival temperature with external water treatment.This study showed that pear psylla was a kind of insect with high cold-tolerance ability,and the external water could significantly reduce their low-temperature survival ability.Based on these results,water spraying can be used to prevent overwintering of pear psylla during the lowest temperature periods.

关 键 词：冬型梨木虱 耐寒性 外源水分 越冬 

分 类 号：S436.612[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]