阳光玫瑰葡萄WH树形枝条垂化处理对叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Effect of branch drooping treatment on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality in Shine Muscat grapevines with WH-shaped tree shape

作　　者：罗家坤 高磊 郑焕[1] 陶建敏[1] LUO Jiakun;GAO Lei;ZHENG Huan;TAO Jianmin(College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第11期2064-2073,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000204);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29);江苏农业产业技术体系(JATS[2021]450)。

摘　　要：【目的】确定阳光玫瑰葡萄WH树形枝条下垂的合理方案,为其优质栽培奠定基础。【方法】以避雨栽培的阳光玫瑰葡萄为试材,对采取WH形树形栽培的葡萄枝条进行5种处理:距离主蔓30、60、90、120 cm拉枝下垂和水平生长(对照处理,CK),研究不同处理对枝条副梢生长速度、卷须生长速度、叶幕光合能力、叶片绿素含量、果实品质等指标的影响。【结果】与对照相比,不同垂化处理枝条的副梢和卷须生长量下降,叶绿素含量减少,叶幕不同节位的光合特性发生变化,光合能力有所下降,果实的纵、横径增大,可溶性固形物含量增加,着色程度有所提高。其中距离主蔓90 cm拉枝下垂结果最好,减少副梢和卷须18%~30%的生长量,叶片净光合效率可达13.2μmol·m^(2)·s^(-1),单果质量13.95 g,可溶性固形物含量(w)达18.36%。【结论】距离主蔓90 cm拉枝下垂的改良WH形树形,能够保证阳光玫瑰葡萄果实品质和光合能力,并且方便省力化管理,更适合阳光玫瑰葡萄的生产。【Objective】In protected cultivation of grape, training and pruning are essential practices.Canes of grapevines are of high plasticity and can form various shapes through these practices. A reasonable canopy shape is essential for the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of vines and for yield and quality formation. Modern agriculture has a higher requirement for canopy shape,which needs to be ornamental and diversified as well as productive, high-quality and convenient in management. The WH shape is a high-yield, high-space-utilization vine shape under scaffolding cultivation.However, due to the space constraints, the WH shape is disorganized and difficult to management during grape production. In this paper, we study the branch drooping treatment at different distances from the cordon to identify the best branch drooping treatment that enables labor-saving management and maximizes fruit quality.【Methods】Six-year-old WH-shaped Shine Muscat grapevines grown under rain shelter were used as materials. The grapevines were planted at an 8.0 m × 8.0 m spacing. Each branch was allowed to bear two clusters of grapes, and the fruit was thinned in a standardized manner with standardized fertilization, watering and pest control management. The cordon of Shine Muscat grapevines with similar growth states were selected for treatments. The shoot growth rate, tendril growth rate, leaf photosynthetic indexes such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, leaf chlorophyll content, and fruit quality parameters at maturity such as fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse diameter, soluble solids and color were measured.【Results】The branches of the horizontal growth treatment(control treatment) had excessive vegetative growth with faster growth of the secondary tendrils and greater photosynthetic rate but with poorer fruit quality, smaller fruit weight compared with the branching drooping treatment.Compared with the control, the treatm

关 键 词：阳光玫瑰葡萄 树形 垂化处理 光合特性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]