绿肥间作翻压处理对新新2号核桃性状及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of intercropping with green manures on soil nutrients and traits of Xinxin 2 walnut

作　　者：宁万军[1] 张强[1] 黄闽敏[1] 刘旭丽[2] NING Wanjun;ZHANG Qiang;HUANG Minmin;LIU Xuli(Research Institute of Economic Forestry,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Vocational and Technical College of Construction,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆建设职业技术学院,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第11期2124-2132,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区林业发展补助资金(XJLYKJ-2021-11)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同绿肥间作翻压试验对新新2号核桃性状及土壤养分的影响,确立其适宜的绿肥间作模式,为提高核桃品质、果园土壤肥力提供理论依据。【方法】通过在新新2号核桃行间套种油菜、豌豆、紫云英3种绿肥,花期翻压后测定不同处理间土壤养分含量、叶片及果实品质性状。【结果】不同绿肥间作翻压处理的土壤养分含量增减变化存在差异。油菜、豌豆、紫云英在翻压30 d时,土壤中有机质、全氮、水解性氮、全钾含量均有所增加,但后期整体逐渐减少,最终低于绿肥播种前土壤养分水平;同时土壤中养分含量(w,后同)总量均显著增加,分别增长了3.88、1.69、0.83 g·kg^(-1),而对照(CK)则减少了1.31 g·kg^(-1)。新新2号叶面积在油菜、紫云英处理下分别比CK高出5.29%、4.88%,百叶鲜、干质量在豌豆间作下可达到340.64 g、115.12 g,分别比CK提高了13.07%、20.71%,均显著高于其余处理。叶片营养含量在不同绿肥间作下差异显著,P含量在油菜处理下比CK提高了59.74%,K含量、叶绿素含量在豌豆间作下显著高于其余处理。豌豆间作能显著提高新新2号核桃侧径、单果质量、仁质量、果壳缝合力、壳厚度及果实蛋白质含量,油菜间作下可显著提高新新2号单果质量、果壳缝合力、壳厚度、果实蛋白质及脂肪含量。【结论】综合绿肥间作翻压后土壤中营养含量变化,以及叶片、果实品质性状等方面的因素,新新2号核桃园间作豌豆效果优于油菜,而油菜优于紫云英。【Objective】The effects of different green manure intercropping and overturning treatments on soil nutrients and traits of Xinxin 2 walnut were studied in order to establish suitable green manure intercropping pattern for improving walnut quality,orchard soil fertility and orchard ecological environment.【Methods】Three green manure plants,rape,pea and Chinese milk vetch,were interplanted between rows of Xinxin 2 walnut trees.They were turned over at initial blooming or full blooming stage.30 days and 60 days after turning over,soil nutrient contents were determined.In August,the leaf traits of Xinxin 2 walnut under different treatments were determined,and the character and quality of mature fruit were tested at the end of September.【Results】The results showed that the change pattern of soil nutrient content was different under different green manure intercropping and overturning treatments.At 30 d after overturning,intercropping with all the three manure plants increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolytic nitrogen and total potassium initially,but decreased them in later periods,and finally caused a lower nutrient level than before green manure sowing.The soil organic matter content increased by 0.40 g·kg^(-1),0.30 g·kg^(-1) and 0.10 g·kg^(-1) by intercropping with rape,pea and Chinese milk vetch,respectively;hydrolytic nitrogen by 7.60 mg·kg^(-1),17.80 mg·kg^(-1) and 15.30 mg·kg^(-1),respectively;and total potassium content by 3.50 g·kg^(-1),1.30 g·kg^(-1) and 0.60 g·kg^(-1),respectively.60days after pea green manure was overturned,the pH of the soil increased and became higher than that in the rest treatments,but pH only increased by 0.16.30 days after rape,pea and Chinese milk vetch were overturned,the total value of soil nutrient content increased significantly by 3.88 g·kg^(-1),1.69 g·kg^(-1) and0.83 g·kg^(-1),respectively.However in CK,it decreased by1.31 g·kg^(-1).Among the three green manure intercropping modes,there were no significant differences in leaf

关 键 词：核桃 新新2号 绿肥 土壤营养 果实品质 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]