富磷土壤磷肥用量对烟株养分累积和烤烟产质量的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Amount on Nutrient Accumulation and Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Quality in Phosphorus-rich Soil

作　　者：龙梦洁 徐大兵[1] 邓建强 任晓红 佀国涵[1] 彭成林[1] 朱梦遥 朱秀秀 袁家富[1] 赵书军[1] LONG Mengjie;XU Dabing;DENG Jianqiang;REN Xiaohong;SI Guohan;PENG Chenglin;ZHU Mengyao;ZHU Xiuxiu;YUAN Jiafu;ZHAO Shujun(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430064,China;Hubei Province Tobacco Companies Enshi State Company,Enshi,Hubei 445000,China;Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所,武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学,武汉430064 [3]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北恩施445000 [4]长江大学,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2022年第5期15-21,30,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：湖北省烟草公司重点科技项目(027Y2020-008)。

摘　　要：为探明富磷植烟土壤的适宜施磷量,通过大田试验,研究不同施磷量(0、63、94.5、126、157.5和189kg/hm^(2))对烟株养分累积和烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明:(1)随施磷量的提高烤烟各部位干物质累积量呈先增加后降低的趋势。(2)与对照相比,施磷量为94.5~189 kg/hm^(2)时均能提高烤烟叶片、地上部和植株氮磷钾养分累积量,且以施磷量157.5 kg/hm^(2)为最高。(3)施磷量为94.5 kg/hm^(2)时烤烟产量、上等烟比例和产值均最高,分别较其他处理增加了4.24%~23.29%、1.93~17.36百分点和3.26%~37.46%。(4)当施磷量为94.5和157.5 kg/hm^(2)时磷素表观利用率较高,且显著高于对照和施磷量63 kg/hm^(2)处理。(5)富磷土壤上过多施用磷肥(157.5和189 kg/hm^(2))有降低上部烟叶油分和中部烟叶香气量的趋势。因此,对于恩施州富磷土壤,建议磷肥推荐用量为94.5 kg/hm^(2)。In order to explore the suitable amount of phosphorus application in phosphorus-rich soil,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus application rates(0,63,94.5,126,157.5,189 kg/ha)on nutrient accumulation,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that:(1)As the phosphorus application increasing,tobacco dry matter mass showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing.(2)Compared with the control treatment,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in leaves,shoots and whole plants was increased with the phosphorus application of 94.5,126,157.5 and 189 kg/ha,and the highest nutrient accumulation was obtained by the 157.5 kg/ha treatment.(3)When compared with other treatments,the best yield,the biggest proportion of superior tobacco and the highest output value were obtained by the 94.5 kg/ha treatment,increased by 4.24%-23.29%,1.93-17.36 percentage point,and 3.26%-37.46%,respectively.(4)The best apparent utilization rate of phosphorus was obtained by the 94.5 and 157.5 kg/ha treatments,which was significantly higher than that of the 63 kg/ha and the control treatments.(5)The oil content of the upper leaf and the aroma content of the middle leaf were decreased by applying too much phosphorus fertilizer(157.5 and 189 kg/ha)on the phosphorus-rich soil.In conclusion,the tobacco leaves with better yield,output value and quality can be obtained with the phosphorus application rate of 94.5 kg/ha in Enshi.

关 键 词：产值 油分 单叶重 香气量 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]