论消解说谎者悖论的索引性路径  

On the Indexical Approach to Dissolving the Liar Paradox

作　　者：张玉玲 张力锋 Yuling Zhang;Lifeng Zhang(Department of Philosophy,Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2022年第5期24-37,共14页Studies in Logic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20AZX015)。

摘　　要：伯奇表明真值谓词因其索引性可以在不同语境中有不同的外延,语境中的外延转变阻止了矛盾等价式的产生,从而消解了强化的说谎者悖论。显然,索引性因素是解悖的关键,但伯奇引入索引性真值谓词的合理性受到质疑,他的理论被批评为诉诸于素朴直觉。运用卡普兰建立的索引词逻辑,能够为伯奇解悖方案的确立提供理论基石。通过理论分析,不同语境中真值谓词外延的转变被刻画为内容的转变,有确定语言学意义的真值谓词所隐藏的不同认识论意义被揭示出来,这恰好能作为真值谓词索引性的理论依据,使伯奇方案更易为人接受。此外,利用国内学者近期研究中发展出的新理论成果去分析伯奇方案,也会得到同样的启示,即真值谓词可以有不同的认识论意义,从而有着不同的内容,使得矛盾等价式的构建无效。Tyler Burge demonstrates that truth predicate may have different extensions in different contexts due to its indexicality,and that a shift in truth value from a context to another cancels a contradictory equivalence,thereby dissolving“the Strengthened Liar”.Obviously,the indexical element is the key to dissolving the paradox,but the rationality of Burge’s introduction of indexical truth predicate has been questioned and his theory has been criticized as appealing to naive intuition.This paper utilizes the logic of indexicals established by Kaplan to provide the theoretical foundation for Burge’s solution to the paradox.Through theoretical analysis,the shift of extensions of truth predicate in different contexts is characterized as the shift of contents,and varieties of cognitive significances concealed by truth predicate with determinate linguistic meaning are revealed,which can constitute a theoretical basis for indexicality in truth predicate and make Burge’s solution more acceptable.Moreover,using the new theoretical achievements of domestic scholars in the research of paradoxes to analyze Burge’s solution,one will get the same implication that truth predicate can have various cognitive significances and thus have different contents,which makes the establishment of contradictory equivalence fail.

关 键 词：索引性 语境敏感 真值谓词 内容 认识论 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]