植物体细胞胚胎发生的分子机制  

Molecular mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis in plants

作　　者：韩贝 孙思敏 孙伟男 杨细燕[1] 张献龙[1] HAN Bei;SUN Si-Min;SUN Wei-Nan;YANG Xi-Yan;ZHANG Xian-Long(National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第2期299-309,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000907)资助。

摘　　要：植物细胞的全能性是指每个细胞均具有该植物的全部遗传信息,其离体组织或细胞在适当培养条件下具有发育成完整植株的潜能。植物体细胞胚胎发生是最能体现植物细胞全能性的一种方式,其在人工种子、单倍体育种、无性繁殖和种质保存等领域具有广阔的应用前景,其发生的机制也是基础研究领域的热点。近年来,随着技术的进步及研究的深入,植物体细胞胚胎发生的分子调控机制取得了重要进展。植物体细胞胚胎发生是一系列基因在时空顺序上表达调控的结果。本文系统综述了体细胞胚胎发生过程中激素及逆境胁迫信号转导、胚胎发育相关转录因子、胞外蛋白和表观遗传调控的作用,并对本领域未来的研究重点及方向进行了展望。Plant cell totipotency refers to that each cell has all the genetic information of the plant,and in vitro tissues or cells has the potential to develop into a whole plant under appropriate culture conditions.Somatic embryogenesis is the most efficient way to reflect the totipotency of plant cells.It has broad application prospects in the fields of artificial seeds,haploid breeding,asexual reproduction,and germplasm preservation,and its mechanism is also a hotspot in basic research.In recent years,with the development of technology and in-depth research,the molecular regulation mechanism of plant somatic embryogenesis has made important progress.Plant somatic embryogenesis is the result of the expression and regulation of a series of genes in spatiotemporal order.In this review,we systematically reviewed the roles of hormones and stress signal transduction,embryonic development related transcription factors,extracellular proteins,and epigenetic regulation in somatic embryogenesis,and prospected future research priorities and directions in this field.

关 键 词：体细胞胚胎发生 激素及逆境胁迫信号转导 转录因子 表观遗传修饰 

分 类 号：Q943.1[生物学—植物学]