密度对不同株型花生单粒精播群体质量及产量的影响  

Effects of density on population quality and yield of peanut with different plant types under the mode of single-seed precision sowing

作　　者：刘俊华 吴正锋[3] 党彦学 于天一 郑永美 万书波[5] 王才斌[3] 李林[1] LIU Jun-Hua;WU Zheng-Feng;DANG Yan-Xue;YU Tian-Yi;ZHENG Yong-Mei;WAN Shu-Bo;WANG Cai-Bin;LI Lin(Hunan Agriculture University/Upland Crop Research Institute,Hunan Agriculture University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;College of Biology and Environment Engineering,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256600,Shandong,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute/National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linyi 276000,Shandong,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学/湖南农业大学旱地作物研究所,湖南长沙410128 [2]滨州学院生物与环境工程学院,山东滨州256600 [3]山东省花生研究所/国家花生工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266100 [4]临沂市农业科学院,山东临沂276000 [5]山东省农业科学院/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第2期459-471,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000906);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010702);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022A10)资助。

摘　　要：为明确种植密度对不同株型花生单粒精播群体质量的影响,选用直立型大花生品种“花育22”(Huayu 22,HY22)和半匍匐型大花生品种“花育9513”(Huayu 9513,HY9513),设置D1(7.5万株hm^(-2))、D2(15万株hm^(-2))、D3(22.5万株hm^(-2))3个密度,对不同密度下不同株型花生产量、光合产物累积与分配、叶面积系数、植株性状和粒叶比进行了研究。结果如下:(1)随密度的增加,“花育22”荚果产量呈增加趋势,“花育9513”呈先升高后降低的趋势,“花育9513”最适种植密度低于“花育22”。(2)“花育22”植株群体干重整个生育期均随密度的增加而增加,密度越大增幅越小,“花育9513”幼苗期干重随密度的增加而增加,花针期之后随密度增加先增加后降低,D2密度植株干重最大。随密度增加,根的干物质分配比例增加,果针的分配比例降低;“花育9513”与“花育22”收获期干重相当,但干物质向荚果的分配比例较小、经济系数和粒叶比低。花生生育前期叶面积系数、光合势随密度的增加呈增加的趋势,“HY9513”增幅高于“HY22”;“HY9513”的叶面积系数、光合势在结荚之前与“HY22”差异不显著,但结荚至收获期显著高于“HY22”。(3)收获期单株侧枝数和果枝数随密度的增加而降低,群体侧枝数、果枝数随密度的增加而增加。(4)相关性分析结果表明,荚果产量与结荚后的干物质累积,尤其是饱果期的干物质累积、光合势及收获期的植株干重、叶面积系数呈显著或极显著正相关。综上,密度对不同株型花生群体质量影响不同,直立型花生“花育22”耐密性好,最适密度高,而半匍匐型花生“花育9513”耐密性较差,最适密度低。In order to clarify the effect of planting density on the population quality of peanut with different plant types under the mode of single-seed precision sowing,this experiment were carried out with two plant-types(erect big peanut variety“Huayu 22”and semi-creeping big peanut variety“Huayu 9513”),three densities(75,000 plants hm^(-2),150,000 plants hm^(-2),and 225,000 plants hm^(-2)).Yield,photosynthetic product accumulation and distribution,leaf area index,plant characteristics and grain leaf ratio were studied.The results were as follows:(1)With the increase of density,the pod yield of“Huayu 22”increased,while that of“Huayu 9513”increased first and then decreased,in addition,the optimum planting density of“Huayu 9513”was lower than that of“Huayu 22”.(2)The population dry weight of“Huayu 22”increased with the increase of density during the growth period,and the greater the density,the smaller the increase range.While the population dry weight of“Huayu 9513”increased with the increase of density at seedling stage,increased first and then decreased with the increase of density after flower pegging stage,and the dry weight of D2 density was the largest.With the increase of density,the distribution proportion of dry matter in roots increased and that in fruit needles decreased;“Huayu 9513”and“Huayu 22”had the probably same dry weight at harvest stage,while the distribution proportion of dry matter to pods was less,and the economic coefficient and grain to leaf were lower.The leaf area index and leaf area duration of peanut increased with the increase of density at the early growth stage,and the increase of“Huayu 9513”was higher than that of“Huayu 22”.The leaf area index and leaf area duration of“Huayu 9513”was not significantly different from that of“Huayu 22”before pod setting stage,however from pod setting stage to harvest stage it was significantly higher than that of“Huayu 22”.(3)The number of lateral branches and fruit branches per plant decreased wit

关 键 词：密度 花生 株型 单粒精播 群体质量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]