长江中下游地区不同穗型中籼杂交稻高产群体农艺特征  

High-yielding population agronomic characteristics of middle-season indica hybrid rice with different panicle sizes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：陶士宝 柯健[1] 孙杰[1] 尹传俊 朱铁忠 陈婷婷[1] 何海兵 尤翠翠[1] 郭爽爽 武立权[1,3] TAO Shi-Bao;KE Jian;SUN Jie;YIN Chuan-Jun;ZHU Tie-Zhong;CHEN Ting-Ting;HE Hai-Bing;YOU Cui-Cui;GUO Shuang-Shuang;WU Li-Quan(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui,China;Zoomlion Intelligent Agriculture Co.Ltd.,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学,安徽合肥230036 [2]中联智慧农业股份有限公司,安徽芜湖241000 [3]江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第2期511-525,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300904);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085QC119);安徽省教育厅基金重点项目(KJ2019A0176);智慧芜湖大米专家系统及农业管家的研发与应用项目(2020dx09)资助。

摘　　要：探明长江中下游地区不同穗型中籼杂交稻产量成因及高产品种群体共性特征。以120个中籼杂交稻为材料,于2019—2020年在安徽舒城农科所开展品种评比试验,并根据每穗粒数排序将供试品种均分为大穗型(193~270)、中穗型(167~191)和小穗型(108~166)3类,比较不同穗型中籼杂交稻的产量及构成、生育进程、日产量、叶面积指数、生物量和穗型结构的差异。结果表明,各穗型下水稻产量变幅均较大,通过聚类分析可进一步分别分为高产、中产和低产3种类型。高日产量是不同穗型品种高产共性指标,其中大穗型与增加叶面积指数有关,而中、小穗型可能与促进光能转化效率有关。除日产量外,不同穗型品种高产形成极具差异。从产量构成来看,大穗型品种主要依靠有效穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重来增产;中穗型品种为有效穗数和结实率;而小穗型品种为有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率,这种穗型间的差异与分类方法和大穗型水稻灌浆障碍有关。从物质积累来看,与小穗型高产品种较高的收获指数不同,大、中穗型水稻要依靠生物量增加来提高产量。各穗型下不同产量水平的穗位枝梗分布与穗长均无显著差异。主成分分析发现,大穗型高产品种主要表现为日产量高、生物量大、穗多粒重、叶面积指数高;中穗型高产品种表现为日产量高、穗数多、生物量大;而小穗型高产品种则为日产量高、收获指数大、穗粒兼顾、结实率高。总的来说,大穗型高产品种的共性指标为:日产量107.0 kg hm^(-2)d^(-1)、生物量20.2 t hm^(-2)、有效穗数229.8 m^(-2)、叶面积指数6.1;中穗型高产品种为:日产量95.3 kg hm^(-2)d^(-1)、有效穗数253.9 m^(-2)、生物量19.5 t hm^(-2);小穗型高产品种:日产量79.6 kg hm^(-2)d^(-1)、收获指数61.0%、有效穗数239.0 m^(-2)、结实率84.6%。此外,应该根据品种穗型大小针对性进行高产氮肥管理。To clarify the mechanism of yield and common characteristics of high-yielding cultivars of middle-season indica hybrid rice with different panicle sizes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 at Shucheng Agricultural Science Institute,Anhui province.120 middle-season indica hybrid rice cultivars were classified into three panicle types by spikelets per panicle[large panicle size(LPS,193-270),middle panicle size(MPS,167-191),small panicle size(SPS,108-166)],and their yield and yield components,growth period,daily yield,leaf area index,biomass,and panicle structure were compared.The results showed that rice yield varied across the cultivar types,irrespective of the panicle type.Cluster analysis revealed that it could be further divided into three yield types(high-yield,middle-yield,and low-yield).High daily yield was a common indicator of high yield among different panicle cultivars,LPS was associated with the increasing leaf area index,while MPS and SPS might be associated with the promoting light energy conversion efficiency.There were extremely different ways of producing high yields among panicle types,except daily yield.In yield components,the yield increasing of LPS mainly relied on the effective panicles,the spikelets per panicle,and 1000-grain weight;MPS was the effective panicle and the grain filling rate;and SPS was the effective panicle,the spikelets per panicle and the grain filling rate.This difference of panicle types was related to the classification method and the grain filling disorders of large panicle size rice.In terms of biomass,LPS and MPS cultivars were dependent on increased biomass to improve yield,but SPS high-yielding cultivars were dependent on the higher harvest index.There were no significant differences in the distribution of branches and panicle length among different yield types under each panicle type.Principal component analysis revealed that LPS high-yield cultivars were mainly characterized by higher daily yield

关 键 词：长江中下游地区 高产中籼杂交稻 穗型大小 产量形成 群体指标 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]