基于AFC数据的地铁候车及滞留特征研究——以北京市为例  

Waiting and Retention Characteristics of Metro Based on AFC Data:A Case Study of Beijing

作　　者：张开婷 曹秉新 陈艳艳[2] 张迪 李宇杰[3] ZHANG Kai-ting;CAO Bing-xin;CHEN Yan-yan;ZHANG Di;LI Yu-jie(Quantutong Location Network Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100176,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Beijing Metro Operation Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]全图通位置网络有限公司,北京100176 [2]北京工业大学交通工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [3]北京市地铁运营有限公司,北京100044

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2022年第5期30-37,共8页Transport Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1600703)。

摘　　要：为科学分析地铁对客流的疏解能力并制定合理的运营调度计划,基于自动售检票系统(Automatic Fare Collection,AFC)和地铁运营数据,提出了一种地铁乘客候车时间和滞留次数的计算方法。首先研究了未换乘乘客和换乘乘客乘坐地铁出行的全过程,细分为进站阶段、候车阶段、乘车阶段、换乘阶段、出站阶段共5个阶段;接着基于数据驱动和判别分析法提出了乘客候车时间和滞留次数的计算方法;最后从乘客和站点两个层面分析了北京市地铁的候车特征和滞留特征。结果表明:乘客的候车时间呈现出正偏态分布,9成以上的乘客可以在6.5min内上车;各小时平均候车时间与客流量成反比,各小时滞留人数与客流量成正比,各小时滞留比例基本维持在5%左右。因此,在大城市地铁运行管理过程中,建议着重关注高峰时段大客流站点乘客的候车时间和滞留次数,避免拥挤踩踏事件发生。To scientifically analyze the capacity of metro to relieve passenger flow and formulate reasonable operation and scheduling plans,a model for calculating the waiting time and retention times of passengers was proposed based on automatic fare collection(AFC)data and metro operation data.Firstly,the whole process of metro travel for non-transfer passengers and transfer passengers was studied,which was subdivided into five stages:inbound stage,waiting stage,boarding stage,transfer stage and exiting stage.Then the calculation method of passenger waiting time and retention times was proposed based on data driven and discriminant analysis.Finally,the waiting characteristics and retention characteristics of Beijing′s metro was analyzed from both passenger and station levels.The results show that:the waiting time of passengers shows a positive skewed distribution,more than 90%of passengers can board the train within 6.5 minutes;the average waiting time per hour is inversely proportional to the passenger flow;the number of passengers detained in each hour is positively proportional to the passenger flow,but the proportion of stranded passengers in each hour is basically maintained at about 5%.Therefore,in the operation and management of metro in big cities,it is suggested to pay more attention to the waiting time and retention times at stations with large passenger flows during peak hours to avoid crowding and stampede events.

关 键 词：地铁 AFC数据 出行时间 候车时间 滞留次数 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]